呼伦贝尔市小学生视力不良状况分析

Status of myopia and risk factors among pupils in Hulunbeir

目的了解呼伦贝尔市小学生近视现状及近视眼发生的相关危险因素,为制定有针对性的干预对策提供依据。方法随机整群抽样内蒙古呼伦贝尔市6个地区（海拉尔、根河市、牙克石市、鄂伦春旗、扎兰屯、莫力达瓦旗）一-五年级小学生,对其进行用眼相关影响因素问卷调查,应用非条件Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析。结果呼伦贝尔市6个地区一-五年级小学生近视率为23.7%,女生为25.4%,男生为22.0%,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=19.507,P〈0.01）;不同民族、不同地区学生之间近视率差异均有统计学意义（χ^2值分别为19.879,90.201,P值均〈0.01）;随着年级升高学生近视率增高,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=83.446,P〈0.01）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,性别、民族、城乡、年级、父亲职业、近亲近视情况、学习姿势、低龄兴趣班学习、识字年龄、电视或网络使用时间、坐车看书11个因素与小学生近视发生有统计学关联。结论呼伦贝尔市一-五年级小学生的近视率较低,低于全国平均水平,但有随着学龄段升高而上升的趋势。建议及早对小学生进行综合干预,同时加强对家长及教师的教育,提高他们的用眼卫生知识水平及对近视眼预防的重视程度。

Objective To understand the status of myopia and risk factors among grade 1- 5 students in Hulunbeir,and to explore the targeted myopia prevention strategies. Methods With cluster sampling method,six regions（ Hailar,Root River City,Yakeshi,Elunchun,Zalantun and Dawa） 1- 5 students were included in Inner Mongolia Hulunbeir. A questionnaire study was conducted. Non-conditional logistic regression was used to analyze multivariate risk factors related to myopia. Results The prevalence rate of myopia among pupils in Hulunbeir was 23. 7%,female was 25. 4%,and male was 22. 0%,there was statistical significant difference by genders（ χ^2= 19. 507,P〈0. 01）; there were statistical significant difference between different nations and different areas（ χ^2= 19. 879,90. 201,P〈0. 01）. With grade was increasing,myopia rates were also increasing,there was statistical significant difference between different grades（ χ^2= 83. 446,P〈0. 01）. Through multivariate Logistic regression analysis,11 factors were associated with grade 1- 5 students myopia statistically,including gender,ethnicity,urban and rural,grade,father＇s occupation,the myopia status of close relative,learning posture,earlier interesting learning,age of literacy,time of television or Internet costing,reading books by car. Conclusion Myopia rate among grade 1- 5 students in Hulunbeir is lower than the national average,but has a rising trend with school-age. Comprehensive intervention should be conducted for low-grade pupils earlier. Education of eye health for parents and teachers should be strengthened to improve their important role in the prevention of myopia.