台湾自由经济区演化及动力机制研究

THE STUDY ON DEVELOPMENT EVOLUTION AND DYNAMIC MECHANISM OF TAIWAN FREE ECONOMIC ZONES

随着经济全球化的深入发展,自由经济区在推动国民经济总体发展战略实施与经济体制改革、促进区域经济和城市化发展等方面发挥了重要作用。20世纪60年代,台湾建立了世界上第一个正式以"出口加工区"命名的经济型特区,通过不断转型升级推动了台湾的工业化和社会经济发展。本文通过文献归纳,总结了台湾经历的"出口加工区—科学工业园区—自由贸易港—自由经济示范区"四个发展阶段的特点;从目标、政策法规、管理、产业和空间结构入手,归纳出台湾自由经济区的形成演化规律;并认为要素、产业、效益、创新、政策、市场、环境各动力因素相互作用,构成推动其演化的动力机制。本研究对完善自由经济区形成演化理论探索和国内自贸区建设具有一定参考意义。

In the 1960＇s, Taiwan established the world＇s first economical zone, which was officially named ＂export processing zone＂ and was upgraded to free economic demonstration zone through continuous trans- formation. The scholars at home and abroad have summarized and analyzed some static problems such as free economic zone type, but there is a lack of research on the evolution models of Taiwan free economic zone and dynamic mechanism. It is based on this point, this paper uses the method of case analysis and litera- ture induction, and sums up the characteristics of the four important development stages of Taiwan, that is ＂Export Processing Zone-Science Industrial Park-Free Trade Port-Free Economic Demonstration Zone＂; Starting from the goals, policies and regulations, management, industry and space structure, this paper induc- es the formation and evolution of Taiwan free economic zone. That is, the target changed gradually from the early microeconomic level, which aimed at solving poverty and employment, to the macroscopic strategic level, which is about regional economic development and political strategy. Policies and regulations change several times and focuses are different, but all realizes the trade liberalization and economic integration maxi- mally; Management mode tends to the direction of clear responsibilities and hierarchical refinement, the in- dustrial structure changes from the original labor-intensive industries to capital-intensive industries.