1850-1980年代景观视觉质量评价指标发展流变

DEVELOPMENT OF LANDSCAPE VISUAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT INDICATOR FROM 1850 1980

景观作为人类共享的资源,具有物质和精神双重意义。景观具有脆弱性和不可再生的特点,一旦破坏很难恢复,这一点促使人们进一步意识到对景观资源需要评价和加强保护。进入21世纪,景观的生态性与视觉的和谐之美变得尤为重要,风景资源的视觉质量评价成为景观美学研究的中心问题。评价工作首先是对评价指标的界定与确定。评价指标能够科学而又客观地反映评价主体的因素和信息,有助于建立科学化的评价体系,增加评价工作的可操作性及有效性。针对视觉质量与美学意义的评价指标,本文探讨了19世纪50年代至20世纪80年代以来景观视觉质量评价在景观管理和学术研究两方面的发展脉络,回顾了景观视觉质量评价产生的社会背景,列举了代表性的评价指标体系,梳理了景观视觉质量评价指标的变迁及特点。

There are physical and spiritual meaning in landscape as a sharing resource. The understanding of landscape is based on visual aesthetics, geography and ecological system at present. Nevertheless, the feature of nonrenewable of landscape raise the understanding of the importance of landscape protection based on landscape assessment. It is getting important that the ecological part as well as the visual harmony of landscape in the 21th century. The assessment indicator suggest all the information＇s scientifically and objectively. it contributes to building the method of landscape assessment, and make the assessment work more efficient. According to the assessment indicators of visual quality and the meaning of aesthetics, this paper investigated the development of landscape visual quality in landscape management as well as in academic research. Reviewed the social background of generation of visual quality of landscape. Listed typical assessment indicators while summarized the changing and the features of it.