2014年土地科学研究重点进展评述及2015年展望——土地市场和土地制度分报告

Progress Review on Land Science Research in 2014 and Prospects for 2015: Sub-report on Land Market and Land Institutions

研究目的:呈现目前国内外土地市场的研究进展,总结研究重点并进行国内外比较,把握国内外研究的方向和差异。研究方法:文献法。研究结果:(1)国外已有不少学者提出依靠国家理论和制度安排来提高土地市场运行效率,国内学者则较多分析市场中价格表现和参与主体行为,以及市场与宏观经济环境的关系;中国农村土地市场问题成为新制度经济学尤其是产权学派研究的一个重要领域。(2)国内外土地制度研究都关注土地产权、土地征收以及政府行为等主题,但选题角度有所差异。研究结论:(1)未来土地市场研究的重点可能有:农村建设用地供应的激励相容治理结构,从风险偏误、逆向选择、前景理论和心理核算等方面研究农地流转中微观主体的行为,以及应用委托—代理等博弈论模型研究政府供地行为和土地财政问题。(2)未来土地制度研究的重点可能是:城乡统一建设用地市场制度、征地制度、土地立法和执法、土地流转、确权颁证和推进土地适度规模经营等方面的制度设计和政策评估。

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the research progress on land market and land institutions in 2014 and give prospect for 2015. Method of documentation was employed. The results indicate that scholars have proposed that the reasonable institutional arrangements can improve operating efficiency of the land market. Domestic scholars have mainly analyzed the price fluctuation and the participation＇ s behavior of land market, and the relationship between land market and macroeconomic environment. China＇s rural land market issues have become important topics in the field of new institutional economics, especially the Property Theory. Foreign and domestic scholars concern about land ownership,land expropriation and government action, but the research angles are different. The conclusions show that the focuses of land market study in the future might be the governance structure of China＇ s rural land supply, the participation＇ s behavior in the process of rural land circulation from the perspective of behavioral economics, and the financial problems through the game theory, such as the principal-agent model. The focuses of land institution study might be the system design and policy evaluation of unified system for urban and rural construction land market, the reform of the land acquisition system, land legislation and enforcement, land right certification and other aspects.