职业教育与新型工业化过程中的劳动力资源优化配置

Vocational Education and Labor Resource Allocation in the Process of New-type Industrialization

新型工业化重塑了职业教育的劳动力资源优化配置作用,表现为总量配置的阶段性规律发生改变,结构性配置作用的重要性上升以及人才质量需要与新型工业化的多维要求相契合。对2001~2014年中国职业教育的经验评估表明,我国职业教育存在培养规模不足、专业和地区结构偏离等问题,不能很好地适应新型工业化对技能劳动力的数量和结构要求;职业教育人才培养质量与精细化、层次化、通识化、集约化和国际化要求存在一定差距,无法有效满足新型工业化对产业创新、安全、协调、效率和国际竞争力提升的多元化需要。对此,中国未来的职业教育应着力构建层次衔接完整,专业分科、地区分布协调的培养体系;改革职业教育课程体系,满足人才培养精细化和通识化的双向要求;提升职业教育培养方式的产业融合性,发挥行业领军企业和行业组织在＂现代学徒制＂中的作用;建立统一的职业人才流动网络,通过培养和引进相结合的方式扩大高端职业人才规模,构建国际化的职业教育体系。

The new-type industrialization reshapes the vocational education in labor resource allocation in total amount, structure and quality. The evaluation of Chinese experience in 2001-2014 shows that the vocational education scale is insufficient, the specialty and regional structure can not meet the skilled labor requirement of new-type industrialization, the quality of vocational education labor also has a certain gap with refinement, hierarchical, conventional, intensive and internationalization, and can not meet the new type industrialization＇ s requirement of innovation, safety, efficiency, coordination and international competitiveness. In this regard, vocational education in China should distribute a hierarchical link system with professional division and regional coordination; reform the curriculum system to meet the requirements of specialization and convention in talent training; improve the industrial integration of vocational education training in which industry leading enterprises and industry organizations can play important role such as ＂modern apprenticeship＂ ; establish professional labor flow network so as to build an international vocational education system.