西方经典心理治疗流派的自我病理观及其教育启示

The Principle of Self-Consciousness of Western Classical Psychotherapiesand Its Pedagogic Inspiration

自我概念在西方心理治疗各流派理论中居于显要地位,自我病理观是诸多理论解释心理问题成因的核心观点。本文从精神分析、人本主义、格式塔、交互分析四个疗派的自我病理观分析中,得出了具有本土意义的教育启示,包括无条件而有分离度的爱、更具教育性的奖惩、清晰而有弹性的心理界限、慎用"应该信息"和"禁止信息"等等。

Self--consciousness is one of the most important mental theories of western psychothera- pies. And its principles are the keys in explaining many psychological problems. This article analyzes the principles of self--consciousness from four sects of western psychotherapy, which draw practical inspira- tion on local education process. The four sects include： unconditional--and--separated--love to kids, moderate rewards and punishment from parents with education purpose, clear--and--flexible--psychologi- cal boundaries, cautiously asking ＂should＂ and ＂forbidden＂ request to children, etc.