灌水量和滴灌施肥方式对温室黄瓜产量和品质的影响

Effects of irrigation amount and various fertigation methods on yield and quality of cucumber in greenhouse

以黄瓜为试验材料,研究灌水量和滴灌施肥方式对日光温室黄瓜生长、产量和品质的影响.设两个水分水平(100%ET0,W1;75%ET0,W2)和4种滴灌施肥方式处理,不同滴灌施肥方式处理按推荐施肥量(N∶P2O5∶K2O分别为360∶180∶540 kg·hm-2)的100%、66.6%、33.3%、0%(Z100、Z66、Z33、Z0)分8次滴灌施肥,剩余肥料一次性基施;另设不施肥处理为对照(CK).结果表明:滴灌施肥比例和水分与黄瓜的株高、叶面积、干物质量、产量和品质均呈正相关关系.W1Z100处理的产量最高(67760 kg·hm-2);W2处理的平均水分利用效率比W1处理高9.4%,其中W2Z100处理的水分利用效率最高(47.71 kg·m-3),其产量比最高产量低3.4%却节水25%.与Z0相比,Z100的黄瓜产量和干物质量分别增加15.3%和16.8%;同时,黄瓜果实中维生素C、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量增加;水分利用效率增加19.1%.W2Z100处理为温室黄瓜高产、优质、节水的最佳处理.

Taking cucumber as experimental plant, an experiment was conducted to study the effects of irrigation amount and fertigation methods on growth, yield and quality of cucumber in greenhouse. The experiment had designed two irrigation levels, i.e. 100% ET0 （W1） and 75% ET0 （W2） , and four fertigation fertilization ratios, i.e. 100%, 66.6%, 33.3% and 0% （Z100, Z66, Z33, Zo ） fertigation of a total amount of （ 360 ： 180：540 kg · hm-2 ） （ N ： P205 ： K20） by 8 times with the corresponding remainders （0%, 33.3%, 66.6% and 100%） were applied to soil as basic fertiliza- tion before the planting according to the recommended fertilization rate, and no fertilizer treatment was set up as the control （CK）. Results showed that irrigation and fertilization levels had positive correlations with plant height, leaf areas, dry mass, yield and quality of cucumber. Yield at W1Z100 was the highest, reaching 67760 kg · hm-2. W2 treatment increased the mean water use efficiency （WUE） by 9.4% compared to W1. W2Z10o treatment had the highest WUE, reaching 47. 13 kg · m-3. Yield at W2Z100 was only 3.4% lower than the maximum, but saved 25% of water. Yield and dry matter at Z10o were 15.3% and 16.8% higher than at Z0, respectively, the cucumber fruit vitamin C, soluble protein and soluble sugar contents were increased, and the water use efficiency was increased by 19.1%. W2Z10o treatment was the best treatment which could enable cucumber to obtain both the high-yield and the high-quality.