高温超导材料的研发、产业化与经济性能提高

Research and development of high T_c superconducting tapes

20世纪80年代末发现的氧化物超导体超导转变温度达到了90K以上,可以工作在液氮环境中。由于氮气资源的极为丰富以及相对于4.2K制冷成本的大大降低,使得超导技术的大规模应用变为可能。通过20多年来对高温超导实用成材技术的研发,基于铋锶钙铜氧体系的第一代高温超导带材已经实现了产业化。基于钇钡铜氧体系的第二代高温超导带材也已制备出了单根长度达千米的带材,标志着制约产业化的长度瓶颈已经解决。由于第二代高温超导带材性能更为优越,不需要贵金属,因而具有成本进一步下降的潜力。因此,第二代高温超导带材的产业化有可能在不远的将来就会实现,它将会极大地推动超导技术的大规模应用。

High-temperature oxide superconductors （HTS） , discovered in the late of 1980s, have been expected to be used extensively in electric industry because they have high Tc more than 90K and can work in liquid nitrogen. In the last 20 years many efforts have been made in development of processing for a long conductor with high super- conducting performance. The first generation of the HTS tapes relied on bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide has been commercialized. The second generation HTS tape （2G） based on yttrium barium copper oxide, which has the potential to be less expensive and to perform better, is being developed. Now the 2G wires with 1000m in length can be made, and it indicated that one of the key bottlenecks of the commercialization of 2G tape was solved and the large-scale applications of superconductivity may be realized in near future.