渔船用冷冻冷藏系统的研究进展

Progress on refrigeration systems and cold storage methods of fishing boats

在渔船渔业作业过程中,渔获物的冷冻冷藏方式直接影响着渔获物本身的营养价值与经济价值。文章在分析不同制冷系统及冷藏方式的基础上,综述渔船上常用的冷冻冷藏系统的研究进展,以期为渔船用渔获物冷冻冷藏系统改进与优化设计研究提供依据。目前,渔船常用的渔获物冷藏保鲜方式分4种:冰藏保鲜、冷海水保鲜、微冻保鲜及冻结保鲜。其中,前3种冷藏保鲜方式通常采用单级压缩制冷系统,冻结保鲜则通常采用单机双级活塞式压缩制冷系统。渔船低温冷藏舱中常使用的蒸发器形式主要有冷风机和直接蒸发盘管两种。中国的渔船用制冷系统多使用不环保的R22作为制冷剂,寻找新型环保、安全、高效的替代制冷剂亦是当下研究的热点。

In the process of fishing on boats,refrigeration technology has a direct impact on the nutrition and economic value of catches.Based on the analysis of different refrigeration systems and methods of cold storage,the resent research progress on refrigeration systems was summarized,which might be useful to provide the basis for the improvements and optimization design of refrigeration system on the fishing boats.At present,there were four methods to keep the catches fresh by low temperature,such as iced preservation,sea water preservation,partial freezing preservation and freezing preservation.Among them,the former three refrigerated preservation methods usually adopted single stage compression refrigeration system,while the freezing preservation commonly used double stage compression refrigeration system.Forms of evaporator in tanks of fishing boats were mainly air cooler and direct-expansion coils.Chinese fishing boats with refrigeration system often selected R22 as refrigerant,which was environmental unfriendly,looking for new environmental protection safe and efficient alternative refrigerants was also a hot spot in present research.