青冢之辨及其意象——兼论杜甫《咏怀古迹》之三的艺术特征

The Discrimination and Symbolism of Cyan Tumulus—— Discussing the Artistic Characteristics of Du Fu 's Yong Huai Gu Ji(Ⅲ)

青冢,即昭君墓。这一词最先由蒙古人提出,后由王昌龄、李白、常建率先采撷入诗,但是由于杜甫《咏怀古迹》之三杰出的艺术成就,研究者多引用杜诗。青冢之义应为长着青草的大坟墓。《归州图经》"边地多白草,昭君冢独青"之解释不符合生活实际,也与杜诗之主旨不符。杜甫以山青水秀之乡村、人迹罕至之朔漠、黄昏残照之时节、孤零零之青冢布局,表现了昭君去国之怨和思乡之情。青冢之意象主要有三方面:大草原独特的景物,凝聚了昭君一生复杂的经历和永垂青史的业绩,激发人们浮想联翩的物象,成为昭君题材浪漫主义创作的源头之一。

Cyan Tumulus,namely the tumulus of Zhao Jun,which was proposed by Mongol at first,and then used by Wang Changling,Li Bai and Chang Jian in poems. However,under the influence of Du Fu's outstanding artistic achievement Yong Huai Gu Ji( III),which is mostly quoted from. The meaning of Cyan Tumulus should have been a tumulus obliterated by grass,the explanation of Gui Zhou Tu Jing'Nearby,most of them are white grass,only Zhao Jun's is green',which does not conform to the reality,and against the main idea of Du Fu's poem. He demonstrated her senses of sullenness and nostalgia by using village with delicate mountains and lakes,untraversed desert,twilight and sunset,and the solitary layout of Cyan Tumulus. Mainly,there're three aspects of Cyan Tumulus' s symbolism,the unique scenery of pasture,her legendary experience and glorious achievement,and the images inspiring people's imagination,all become the originality of romantic works about Zhao Jun.