黄冈市2004-2014年法定传染病流行趋势

Epidemic trend of notifiable communicable diseases in Huanggang( 2004-2014)

目的分析黄冈市近10年来法定传染病的流行趋势,掌握流行规律,为传染病防控提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对2004-2014年法定报告传染病疫情资料进行分析。结果 2004-2014年全市报告法定传染病30种271 625例,年均发病率为374.77/10万;死亡13种524例,年均死亡率为0.72/10万;乙类传染病中血源及性传播传染病发病最多(53.63%),其次是呼吸道传染病(38.99%)、肠道传染病(7.01%)及自然疫源及虫媒传染病(0.16%),报告乙类传染病中发病居前四位的是病毒性肝炎、肺结核、痢疾和梅毒;手足口病位居所有法定报告传染病的第3位;艾滋病、狂犬病、肺结核、发热伴血小板减少综合征、肝炎是该市传染病死亡率最高的前5位病种。结论病毒性肝炎、肺结核、手足口病、梅毒是黄冈市主要重点传染病;艾滋病、狂犬病、肺结核、发热伴血小板减少综合征(新发传染病)是主要传染病死亡负担,需要进一步加强预防和控制力度。

Objective To analyze the epidemic trends of notifiable communicable diseases in Huanggang from 2004 to 2014, and understand the epidemic pattern in order to provide evidence for the prevention and control of communicable diseases. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was applied to analyze notifiable communicable diseases in Huanggang from 2004 to 2014. Results From 2004 to 2014, 271 625 cases of 30 kinds of notifiable communicable diseases were reported in Huanggang. The annual incidence was 374. 77/100 000 with 524 deaths from 13 disease types resulting in an annual mortality rate of 0. 72/100 000. Blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases were the main disease types, occupying 53.63% of class B notifiable communicable diseases, followed by respiratory infectious disease accounting for 38.99%, and intestinal infectious diseases accounting for 7. 01%, and natural focal diseases and insect borne infectious disease accounting for 0. 16%. The four most prevalent in the class B uotifiable communicable diseases were viral hepatitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, dysentery and syphilis ; hand-foot-mouth disease ranked the third in notifiable communicable diseases. The five diseases with the highest mortality rate were AIDS, rabies, pulmonary tuberculosis, fever with thrombo-cytopenia syndrome and hepatitis. Conclusion Viral hepatitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, hand-foot-mouth disease and syphilis were the primary infectious diseases in Huanggang; AIDS, rabies, pulmonary tuberculosis and fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome （emerging communicable disease ） were the main causes death by communicable diseases. It is necessary to further strengthen the prevention and the control of these communicable diseases.