论市场经济的起源、功能与模式——兼论中国特色社会主义市场经济的本质

Comments on the Origins,Function and Mode of Market Economy——Together with the Essence of Socialist Market Economy with Chinese Characteristics

市场经济起源于西方资本主义国家,是新兴资产阶级和封建势力对抗的产物。普遍认为,市场经济的最大进步是彻底摒弃了封建时代那种用等级权力配置资源的方式,进而转换为以等价自由交换为前提的市场机制。当然,这样的理解适合于西方市场经济本质属性,放在中国特色社会主义初级阶段就需要加以修正。研究发现,市场经济作为一种特定历史阶段的产物,它更应当被视为是一种嵌入的制度安排,而且在不同的政治制度、社会结构、发展阶段的条件下,市场经济的生成动因、运行规律、功能目标以及发展模式等,都可能不尽相同。只有弄清楚这种差异性,才能够从根本上区别社会主义初级阶段市场经济的本质属性,也才能够促使我们更好地使用市场经济。正是在这样的背景下,十八届三中全会在提出了市场决定论的同时,又强调要更好地发挥政府的科学调控作用。如何正确理解这一论断,涉及中国特色社会主义市场经济的本质问题,更涉及历史学派和比较制度学派融合视角下的市场经济的起源、功能和模式问题。某种意义上讲,能否科学解答这些问题,不仅仅是一种思想层面上的理论辨识,而且对于该如何发展和促进社会主义初级阶段中国特色的市场经济,起着非常重要的导向内涵。

The origins of market economy starts from Western capitalist countries, which is also the production of the resistance between emerging capitalist class and feudal force. The general opinion is that the biggest advance of market economy resource allocation is the rejection of hierarchy of power and transform to free exchange. This kind of understanding seems suitable for western market economy, while it should be revised in the initial phase of Chinese Socialism. The author considered Market Economy was one embedded systematical arrangement, and its generation reason, operating rules, function target and develop mode under different political system, social structure and developing phase should be different. If we would like to distinguish the essence of market economy during the initial phase of Chinese socialism and to make better use of market economy, we should make clear of this difference. Based on this background, market determinism and government adjusting control have been mentioned together in the third Plenary Session of the eighteen Central Committee. How to understand this conclusion referred to the essence of Socialist Market Economy with Chinese characteristics, and even the origins, function and mode of market economy under the conjunction between historical school and comparison institutional school. So the author considered it was very important to answer these problems scientifically, not only from ideology theory, but how to improve the development of Socialist Market Economy with Chinese characteristics.