城市公共自行车服务民营化供给模式比较研究

The Comparative Study on Privatization Modes of Private Supply of Urban Public Bicycles

承担着城市公共交通"最后一公里"任务的公共自行车能够有效缓解交通拥挤、降低环境污染,是城市公共交通的有力延伸。针对我国城市公共自行车运营中政府与市场合作的现状,采用案例比较的方法,选择以北京、武汉、苏州和杭州为代表的典型案例,从民营化的外部形式与各形式的内部运行机制两个维度对其供给模式进行比较,以分析如何确保其可持续发展。案例实践与理论分析表明:在纯民营形式供给中,关键在授权环节需要政府的积极介入,明确公共自行车的公共服务属性;在政府补助的民营化形式中,关键在监管环节需要政府提高监管企业的能力,使自身成为精明的购买者;在合同承包的民营化形式中,关键在执行环节需要建立紧密的公私合作伙伴关系;在政府服务形式中,关键在融资环节中需要政府利用市场资本,以缓解财政压力。该研究可为我国政府向市场购买服务提供决策参考。

Urban public bicycles could reduce traffic congestion and environmental pollution. It is a new kind of urban public transport. Based on the condition of collaboration between governments and operators, this paper uses cases study to compare the supply modes of public bicycle systems and analyze how to make them sustainability. These cases include Beijing, Wuhan, Suzhou and Hangzhou. And the institutional arrangement includes two dimensions, which are operational mode and mechanism. The results of the research show that the key point for free market mode is to increase the roles of governments. Governments should take the public bicycles as public service. The key point for grant mode and contract mode is to improve the regulation capabilities of governments, which could make governments as an astute purchaser. The key point for contract mode is to construct a public-private partnership between government and market. And the key point for government service mode is to bring in social capital to alleviate the financial pressure. These conclusions could be useful for China government purchase.