心脏术后急性肾损伤的研究进展

Progress in acute kidney injury following adult cardiac surgery

急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)是心脏术后常见的严重并发症,AKI不仅明显增加住院费用及住院时间,而且增加手术死亡率。心脏术后AKI是多因素相互作用的结果,除了术前肾功能不全、糖尿病等危险因素以外,最近研究发现,围手术期输血、术后血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂/血管紧张素受体抑制剂(ACEI/ARB)等药物的应用也是心脏术后AKI的危险因素。AKI风险评估模型的建立与应用、一些新的生物学标志物的发现可以为临床医师早期预测、诊断和治疗AKI提供重要的客观数据。该文就心脏术后AKI的定义、相关危险因素和生物标志物的研究现状作一简介。

Acute kidney injury（AKI）is a serious complication following cardiac surgery. The development of AKI is not only associated with increasing expense and time of hospitalization,but also remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. AKI after cardiac surgery is caused by the interaction of multiple factors. Besides these risk factors such as renal inadequacy before surgery and diabetes. In the recent studies,perioperative transfusion and the use of ACEI/ARB are the risk factors after cardiac surgery. The establishment and application of the risk assessment model of AKI and the findings of several new biomarkers can provide some objective data for clinicians to predict,diagnose and treat AKI in the early stage. This paper will make a profile for the research status of the definition,risk factors and biomarkers of AKI.