中国制造业参与全球价值链的程度与方式——基于世界投入产出表的分析

The Levels and Ways of Participation in Global Value Chain of Chinese Manufacturing——Based on World Input-output Tables

本文利用世界投入产出表数据,构建后向和前向垂直专业化率指标,并据此对中国制造业参与全球价值链的程度与方式进行详细分析。结果表明:(1)中国制造业主要是以后向方式参与全球价值链;(2)中国制造业处于全球价值链的下游位置,主要参与全球价值链中的低端生产环节;(3)伴随着跨国生产分工的深化,中国制造业正由全球价值链低端向中高端攀升;(4)中国制造业主要集中参与全球价值链中的某一个生产环节,且国内价值链的构建和发展相对薄弱;(5)在四类技术类别制造业中,中低技术制造业在全球价值链中处于相对优势地位,但高技术制造业并未实现真正意义上的高技术;(6)相对于中国主要以后向方式参与全球价值链,美国主要是以前向方式参与全球价值链。

According to the ratios of vertical specialization including backward-linkage（ VS） and forward-linkage（ VS1）,the paper analyzes the levels and ways of participation in global value chain（ GVC） of Chinese manufacturing using world input-output tables（ WIOTs） from 1995 to 2011. It concludes as follows：（ 1） the ways of participation in GVC of Chinese manufacturing are mainly backward;（ 2） Chinese manufacturing mainly engaging in final assembling activities is the downstream of GVC;（ 3） with the deepening of international division,GVC of Chinese manufacturing is climbing;（ 4） Chinese manufacturing focuses on a certain production process,meanwhile national value chain is shorter;（ 5） the low-medium technology manufacturing is successfully integrated into GVC,while the high technology manufacturing does not achieve higher level of technology;（ 6） relative to Chinese manufacturing,the ways of participation in GVC of American manufacturing are mainly backward.