大学生正念对主观幸福感的影响:情绪调节及心理弹性的中介作用

The Impact of Mindfulness on Subjective Well-being of College Students: The Mediating Effects of Emotion Regulation and Resilience

采用五因素正念量表(FFMQ)、情绪调节量表(ERS)、心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)、幸福感指数量表(IWB)对448名大学生进行问卷调查,以探讨正念对主观幸福感的影响机制。结果表明:(1)正念、重新评价、心理弹性、主观幸福感呈显著正相关;(2)重新评价和心理弹性的链式多重中介效应在正念与主观幸福感间起部分中介效应,一方面,正念可以通过促进心理弹性提升主观幸福感,另一方面,正念不能直接通过重新评价策略的使用提升主观幸福感,存在"正念→重新评价→心理弹性→主观幸福感"的路径。

The application of Mindfulness training has become increasingly popular in the last few years. Mindfulness training proved to be effective in a wide range of physical and psychological symptoms and mental Health for various disease groups as well as non-clinical populations. There is a general agreement among researchers that mindfulness training promotes subjective well-being. Studies on mindfulness and subjective well-being relationship seem to converge on the fact that mindfulness is positively associated with subjective well-being. The mindfulness and subjective well-being relationship has been well documented in the literature. However，the mediating mechanisms that can effectively explain the mindfulness and subjective well-being relationship are not well understood so far.The present study aimed to investigate the impact of Mindfulness on the subjective well-being of college students，and mainly focused on the confirmation of the concurrent mediating effects of emotion regulation and psychological resilience for the relationship between mindfulness and subjective well-being in order to identify the probable mediating processes and mechanisms that may potentially explain the mindfulness and subjective well-being relationship. This study hypothesized that：（1） Mindfulness will directly influence subjective well-being. （2）Mindfulness enhances subjective well-being through two potential mediators：emotion regulation and psychological resilience. A total of 448 college students from five Chinese universities with an age range of 17–27 years accomplished Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire （FFMQ），Emotion Regulation Scale （ERS），Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale （CD - RISC），and Index of Well-Being （IWB）. The data was analyzed with SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0. The results showed that：（1）The difference of the indices of NFI，GFI，CFI and RMSEA between the original model and control model after controlling for the effects of a single unmeasured latent method factor was less than 0.02，showing no serious common method bias. （2）There were significantly positive correlations between mindfulness，reappraisal，resilience and subjective well–being. （3）Structural equation modeling （SEM） indicated that when we put reappraisal and resilience in the relationship of Mindfulness and subjective well–being respectively，reappraisal and resilience played a partial mediating role. Multiple mediation analysis indicated that reappraisal and resilience partially mediated the relationship between mindfulness and subjective well–being besides direct influence. There were two mediating paths in the model：1）the significant path from mindfulness through resilience to subjective well–being；2）and the significant path from mindfulness through reappraisal and resilience to subjective well–being. In other words，reappraisal could partially mediate the relationship between mindfulness and resilience，and resilience could completely mediate the relationship between reappraisal and subjective well–being.On the basis of these findings，we concluded that mindfulness had an important positive influence on subjective well-being. On the one hand，mindfulness acted as a protective factor of resilience by increasing the ability of an individual to recover from frustrations and adversities，such ability had a beneficial effect on subjective well-being. On the other hand，mindfulness promoted the use of reappraisal strategy which promoted psychological resilience and resulted in the enhancement of subjective well-being. Compared with reappraisal，psychological resilience was a more important mediator in the relationship of mindfulness and subjective well-being. The present study extended prior reports and highlighted a previously unidentified mechanism to explain how mindfulness promoted subjective well-being.