雅的裁量权——论明代士大夫集团在文化商业化中对话语权的垄断

Elegant Discretion —— On The Ming Scholar Bureaucrats Dominating Culture Commercialization

在中国传统社会,士大夫集团在文化—政治的权力架构中处于支配地位。明代中后期,商品经济发展使文化的商业特征得以充分展开。士大夫通过文化商品品第与艺术内涵的决定、新风尚和消费模式的引领等,掌控了文化商品价值的裁量权,同时参与到文化商品的供给、交易中,得以进一步强化其在文化的垄断地位,并使其文化创造活动兼具经济意义。新崛起的商人随着经济地位的提升,挑战士大夫对文化资源的独占性与权力的排他性。但由于士大夫对文化核心价值定义的垄断,商人只能从而导之。在文化商业化的进程中,士大夫凭借其在文化上的垄断,成功地强化了其在文化、政治、经济权力架构中的地位。

The scholar bureaucrat groups had been dominating the culture-politics structure of power in the feudal society of China. The commodity economy of the late Ming dynasty developed well, followed by the culture getting fully commercialized. The scholar officials were manipulating fashion and consumption style using their power to assess the value and artistry of cultural commodity so that they controlled the value of culture in hand. Further more, they meddled in the supply and transaction of cultural products in order to reinforce their monopoly in culture, which added economic meaning to culture creation activities. With their economic status being promoted, the newly rising enterprisers tried in vain to challenge the scholar-officials who had a monopoly on power and the source of culture in hand. The increasing commercialization of culture strengthened the status of scholar bureaucrats culturally, politically and economically in the end.