健康教育护理路径对冠心病患者PCI术后心理和生活质量的影响

The impact of health care and education path on life quality and psychological status in patients undergoing PCI for coronary artery disease

目的探讨健康教育护理路径对冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后心理和生活质量的影响。方法将120例行PCI治疗的冠心病患者随机分为观察组及对照组各60例。对照组实施常规性健康教育，观察组实施健康教育护理路径。分别于人院时及出院时采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）对两组患者心理状况进行评价，采用西雅图心绞痛问卷（SAQ）对两组患者生活质量进行评价，采用自行设计的冠心病疾病认知水平量表对两组患者疾病认知水平进行评价。结果观察组干预后HAMA、HAMD评分分别为10．91±2．82和9.31±4．82，显著低于对照组的16．31±3．81和13．26±7．84（P〈0．05）。观察组干预后心绞痛稳定性、躯体受限程度、心绞痛发作程度、疾病认知程度、治疗满意度等评分分别为60．12±4．36、68．02±3．98、61．28±5．12、67．89±4．36和65．38±5．23，显著高于对照组的65．36±5．46、73．98±4．58、68．47±3．45、72．58±5．89和73．92±6．21（P〈0．05）。观察组干预后合理饮食、合理作息、运动锻炼、情绪控制、遵医用药等知识评分分别为5．36±1．02、5．78±1．15、5．98±1．23、5．53±1．39和5．48±1．28，显著高于对照组的3．15±0．98、3．28±0．78、3．32±0．89、3．45±1．02和3．56±1．18，差异有统计学意义（P〈0，05）。结论健康教育护理路径能有效改善冠心病PCI术后患者焦虑、抑郁情绪，提高患者疾病认知水平，从而提高患者生活质量。

Objective To investigate the impact of health education intervention care path on the quality of life and psychological status in patients undergoing PCI for coronary heart disease. Methods 120 patients with coronary artery disease undergoing PCI were randomly divided into observation group（n=60） and control group（n= 60）. The control group was implemented with routine sexual health education. 1＂he observation group was imple- mented with health education nursing path. The psychological condition of two groups were evaluated with Hamilton Anxiety table（HAMA）, Hamilton Depression Scale（HAMD）. The quality of life of two groups were evaluated with Seattle angina Questionnaire（SAQ）. The self-designed cognitive levels of coronary heart disease scale of two groups were evaluated with self-designed cognitive. Results The levels of HAMA, HAMD scores of observation group 10,91±2.82,9.31±4.82 were lower than the control group 16.31±3.81,13.26±7.84（P〈0.05 ）. The intervention angi- na stability, physical limited extent, the degree of angina attack, disease awareness, treatment satisfaction score of observation group 60.12±4.36,68.02±3.98,61.28±5.12,67.89±4.36,65.38±5.23 were higher than control group 65.36±5.46,73.98±4.58,68.47±3.45,72.58±5.89,73.92±6.21（P〈0.05）. The reasonable diet, reasonable rest, ex- ercise, emotional control, compliance with medication and other medical knowledge score of observation group 5.36 ±1.02,5.78 ±1.15,5.98 ±1.23,5.53 ±1.39,5.48 ±1.28 were higher than control groups 3.15 ±0.98,3.28 ±0.78, 3.32±0.89,3.45±1.02,3.56±1.18（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Health education can effectively improve the anxiety and depression in patients with coronary heart disease after PCI , improve cognition for the disease, and thereby improving the quality of life of patients.