化学发光酶免疫法和免疫印迹法检测糖尿病自身抗体的结果分析

Comparison of the Effect Between Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay and Immunoblotting for the Detection of Diabetes Autoantibody

目的对比分析化学发光酶免疫法和免疫印迹法在糖尿病自身抗体检测中的应用效果。方法选取该院内分泌科2012年6月—2014年6月收治的142例糖尿病患者,其中T1DM患者15例,T2DM患者127例。另选取该院同期健康体检者50例作为健康对照组。分别采用化学发光酶免疫法和免疫印迹法对所有受试者进行糖尿病自身抗体检测,统计谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体(GADA)、抗胰岛β细胞抗体(ICA)阳性率,计算敏感性和特异性并进行比较。结果T1DM组CLISA法IAA和GADA阳性率均明显高于健康对照组和T2DM组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T1DM组IB法IAA和GADA阳性率均明显高于健康对照组和T2DM组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CLISA法检测IAA敏感性及特异性均明显高于IB法,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CLISA法检测GADA敏感性明显高于IB法,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两种方法检测GADA特异性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论CLISA法检测糖尿病自身抗体敏感性及特异性较IB法高,值得在糖尿病诊断中推广应用。

Objective To compare and analyze the application value between enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting for the detection of diabetes autoantibody.Methods 142 cases with diabetes admitted in Endocrinology Department of our hospital from June 2012 to June 2014 were selected,including 15 cases with T1 DM and 127 cases with T2 DM.And other 50 cases underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the healthy control group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting were used to detect the diabetes autoantibody in all the subjects.The positive rates of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody（GADA） and islet cell antibody（ICA） were counted,and the sensitivity and specificity of them were calculated and compared.Results The positive rates of GADA,IAA in T1 DM group were higher than T2 DM group and control group detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（P〈0.05）.The positive rates of GADA,LAA in T1 DM group were higher than T2 DM group and control group detected by immunoblotting（P〈0.05）.The sensitivity and specificity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in detecting LAA were higher than immunoblotting（P〈0.05）.The sensitivity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in detecting GADA was higher than immunoblotting（P〈0.05）.There was no difference of specificity between enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting in the detection of GADA（P〉0.05）.Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the detection of diabetes autoantibodies were higher than immunoblotting.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay deserves the clinical expansion.