昆明市五华区艾滋病流行趋势与防控策略分析

Analysis on AIDS epidemic trend and prevention countermeasures in Wuhua district of Kunming

[目的]分析昆明市五华区艾滋病的流行特征和影响因素,为制定防控策略提供科学依据。[方法]对1996至2013年全区艾滋病疫情资料进行流行病学分析。[结果]截至2013年年底,全区累计发现艾滋病病毒感染者和病人2123例,其中艾滋病病人728例,死亡162例。男性占69.15%,女性占30.85%;20~49岁病例占85.31%,60岁以上年龄组所占比例逐渐增高;阳性病例主要来源于高危人群咨询检测、医疗机构就诊者检测和羁押人员检测;主要的传播途径已经由2008年以前的共用注射器吸毒传播转变为目前的性接触传播。[结论]昆明市五华区艾滋病疫情形势依然十分严峻,处于高危人群向一般人群扩散的阶段。在继续对传统高危人群和感染者加强干预的同时,应制定有效措施推进对流动人口、老年人和青年学生的宣传教育和行为干预工作,提高医疗机构和监管场所参与艾滋病防治工作的主动性,控制艾滋病疫情的蔓延。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of AIDS epidemic and influence factors in Wuhua district so as to provide scientific evidence for making prevention countermeasures.Methods Epidemiological analysis on the data of AIDS epidemic in Wuhua district from 1996 to 2013.Results By the end of 2013, a total of 2123 HIV/AIDS cases had been reported accumulatively, of which 728 were AIDS cases and 162 died. The cases in males accounted for 69.15% and in females accounted for 30.85%. Up to 85.31% of cases occurred in age group of from 20 to 49 years old, the age group of 60 years and above in the proportion gradually increased. The cases mainly came from VCT, HIV test to high-risk population, patients and detainees. The major type of HIV infection had already changed from Shared drug syringes spread to sexual transmission.Conclusions In Wuhua district, the AIDS epidemic is still grim and begin to spread from high-risk population to general population. At the same time in intervention in high-risk population and PLWHA, Formulate effective measures to promote health education and intervention in the floating population, the elderly and students, to improve the initiative to participate in AIDS prevention and control of medical institutions and prison, control the spread of the AIDS epidemic.