种植密度对马铃薯农艺性状及产量的影响

Effect of planting density on the agronomic traits and yield of potato

试验在黑龙江省二龙山农场进行,选用垦薯1号马铃薯品种,采用大垄双行,整薯播种,随机区组设计。3个行距,每个行距下3个株距,即3个种植密度。比较各行距下不同种植密度对马铃薯主茎数、结薯数、大中薯率、小薯率及产量影响,旨在为马铃薯生产提供理论指导。结果表明,马铃薯主茎数、结薯数、小薯率和产量随种植密度减小呈递减趋势,大中薯率呈递增趋势;各行距下主茎数、结薯数、小薯率和产量均是种植密度为121 200株·hm-2最高,大薯率均是种植密度为72 700株·hm-2最高;总体来看,不同种植密度间对主茎数、结薯数、产量影响存在显著差异;种植密度121 200株·hm-2小薯率较高,适合生产种薯,其中以株行距为15 cm×20cm最适合生产种薯;种植密度72 700株·hm-2大中薯率较高,适合生产商品薯,其中以株行距为25 cm×20 cm最适合生产商品薯。

The paper was carded out in Erlongshan farm in Heilongjiang, the selection of Kenshul potato varieties, big ridge double line and whole tuber sowing, randomized block design. The three row spacing, three row spacing in each row spacing, that was three planting density. Effects of different planting density on main stem number, tuber number, ratio of large and medium tuber, ratio of small tuber and yield in each row spacing, in order to provide theoretical guidance for potato production. The results showed that with the decrease of plant density, main stem number, tuber number, ratio of small tuber and yield was decreasing trend; Ratio of large and medium tuber was increasing trend. In each row spacing, main stem number, tuber number, ratio of small tuber and yield of planting density was 121 200 plants, hm^-2 was the highest; Ratio of large and medium tuber of planting density was 72 700 plants · hm^-2 was the highest. Overall, effects of different planting density on main stem number, tuber number and yield was significant differences. It was suitable for the production of seed potato that ratio of small tuber of planting density was 121 200 plants, hm^-2. Among it was best suitable for the production of seed potato that plant spacing and row spacing was 15 cm × 20 cm. It is suitable for the production of commodity potato that ratio of large and medium tuber of planting density was 72 700 plants ·hm^-2. Among it was the best suitable for the production of commodity potato that plant spacing and row spacing was 25 cm×20 cm.