抗战时期自贡井盐业场商融资问题研究

The Research on the Financing Issues of the Saltern Merchants in Zigong's Well Salt Industry

抗日战争时期,自贡井盐业迎来第二个黄金发展时期,盐斤产量有所增加,制盐技术有所改进,场商融资活动也与战前大不相同:其一,破陈规履新约,金融业介入场商全部生产活动;其二,融资活动透露着浓厚的官方主导色彩;其三,国家行库是盐业放款的主要力量,抵押贷款是主要融资方式;其四,场商增产贷款活动随着战争的持续进行而呈日益频繁、急迫的趋势。战时场商的融资活动,一方面反映出井盐业与金融业的关系日益密切,但是这种密切关系是靠借贷来维系的,并非通过市场股票融资或金融业投资而形成的,二者是债务人及债权人之间关系,而非经营者与投资者之间关系;另一方面,寓扶持于救济之中,战时国家行库放款在维持井盐业生产活动的同时,也在一定程度上关注改良制盐技术贷款,希望借此推动井盐业向前健康发展,尽管最终效果不甚理想。

During the Anti-Japanese War,with the increasing salt production,salt making technology got advanced and the financial activities of the saltern merchants made a big difference with that before the war.The well salt industry reached the second golden developing period.Firstly,the old rules were replaced by new ones and the financial industry got involved in all the production activities of saltern merchants.Secondly,financial activities were manipulated by the authority.Thirdly,the national bank was the main source for capital loan and the main financing method was mortgage loan.Fourthly,with the war continuing,the activities of saltern merchants in increasing production and borrowing loan became more frequent and urgent.The financing activities during the war reflected the relationship between the well salt industry and the financial industry became closer and closer.However,the close relationship was maintained by debt and credit but not market stock financing or financial industry investment.The relationship between them was debtor and creditor but not operator and investor.On the other hand,the principle of support in relief was accepted,therefore,the national bank maintained the production of well salt industry by making loan while it also kept an eye on the loans for improving the salt making technology,hoping that it would drive the well salt industry to develop in a sound way although the outcome was not as good as expected.