企业外部环境的变迁与调适:抗战时期自贡久大盐厂的建立与发展

The Changes and Adjustments of An Enterprise's External Environment:The Establishment and Development of Zigong Chiuta Salt Plant during the Anti-Japanese War

抗战爆发以后,久大盐业公司内迁四川自贡,创建了久大自贡制盐厂。战时久大自贡盐厂所面临的外部环境与战前久大天津公司相比截然不同:在社会环境方面,政府从战前的川盐节制生产政策转为战时"川盐增产"政策,盐业政策的改变为久大内迁设厂和生产提供了有利条件,但是与自贡盐商的陌生,又给久大的设厂和生产活动带来了不利影响;在自然环境方面,久大被迫从战前生产海盐转为战时生产井盐,生产工艺发生巨大变化,生产成本也急剧提高;在市场环境方面,战前久大由于生产海盐,不存在原料短缺的问题,战时由于富荣盐场卤水和煤炭供给不足,加之部分盐商的抵制,久大卤水和煤炭供给不足的问题则十分突出,造成企业开工严重不足。为适应新的企业外部环境,久大盐厂采取了一系列积极有效的应对措施,包括实行技术公开、推行技术革新、发展盐化工业、谋求原燃料自给等。这些措施的实施一方面使得企业一定程度上适应了新的外部环境,从而能够顺利设厂并投入生产,另一方面也加速了战时自贡盐业的近代化进程。

After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War,Chiuta Salt Company moved to Zigong,Sichuan province and Zigong Chiuta Salt Making Plant was officially set up.The external environment that Zigong Chiuta salt plant faced in the war was of big difference from that before the war.In the aspect of social environment,the pre-war policy of ＂moderation production of Sichuan salt＂ was switched to ＂increasing salt production＂ in the wartime by KMT government.The change provided advantages for the establishment and the production of Zigong Chiuta Salt Plant.However,the boycott and opposition of some Zigong salt merchants left Chiuta negative influence.In the aspect of natural environment,Chiuta was engaged to replace producing sea salt before the war by well salt production in the war.Accordingly,the producing process changed dramatically and the cost was raised sharply.In the aspect of market,Chiuta had not faced raw material shortage problem before the war while in the wartime,the brine and coal from Fuyong saltern were limited along with the boycott of some salt merchants,Chiuta got cruel shortage problems of brine and coal,causing serious underutilized production difficulties.To adapt to the new external environment,Chiuta launched a series of positive and effective measures including technology transparency,technical improvement,salt and chemical industry development,self-sufficient raw material,etc..Owning to these measures,the plant adapted to the new external environment in a certain degree thus build a new plant and started production,which facilitated Zigong salt industry in the war to speed up its modernization.