新型农业主体的兴起与“小农经济”处境的再思考——以皖南河镇为例

The Rise of New-type Agricultural Subject and the Predicament of Small-scale Farming Economy:with He Town as the Example

随着农村土地制度不断变革和土地流转的日盛,中国小农经济正加速解体,取而代之的将是资本化农业。立足生产关系角度,通过对安徽南部一个农业乡镇中土地、劳动力、农业服务、粮食等重要生产、生活资源流动关系的建构与描述,本文认为在中国农业生产中两个新群体正在兴起,一个是由农业规模经营主体、农业生产服务主体以及粮食收购加工主体构成的利益共同体;另一个则是在法律层面上仍然拥有土地承包权的普通农户。前者拥有充足的资本,在粮食生产、农业服务、粮食销售等方面占据主导地位,成为资本化农业的主导者;后者则不再是农村改革之初的小农,他们已经陷入"半无产者"的境地。这两个群体以及他们之间资源流动关系的出现,正在从根本上瓦解小农经济的农业生产格局,使得中国农业生产已经呈现出资本主义的特征。

Along with the constant change of the agricultural land system and the heating up of land transference,China's small-scale farming economy is in accelerated disintegration and is being replaced by capitalized agriculture. From the perspective of production relationship and based on a constructive description of the mobility of land,labor force,agricultural services,foods and other important production and livelihood resources in a rural town in the south of Anhui Province,this essay suggests that two new groups are on the rise in China's agricultural production. One is the commonwealth made up of large-scale farming subjects,agricultural service providers,and food purchasing and processing entities. The other includes the ordinary farming households who are still legally in possession of the contract rights of the land. The former have abundant capitals and a domineering position in food production,agricultural service,and food sales and purchase. They are the leaders in capitalized agriculture. The latter are no longer the kind of small-scale farmers that they used to be in the initial period of the rural reform and have been reduced to semi-proletariats. The emergence of these two groups and the mobility of resources between them have greatly shattered the productive pattern of the small-scale farming economy and have put China's agricultural production on the road towards capitalism.