建筑3D打印数字建造技术研究应用综述

Research and Application Review of the Digital Construction Technology of 3D Printing for Construction

3D打印技术起源于20世纪80年代末,也称为"增材制造"或"快速原型"技术。21世纪以来,随着3D打印技术的引入,数字建造成为了建筑领域数字化发展的趋势。本文对国内外现有建筑3D打印技术相关研究及应用情况进行了分析,依据使用材料和打印工艺将目前主要建筑3D打印技术归纳为三类:基于混凝土分层喷挤叠加的增材建造方法、基于砂石粉末分层粘合叠加的增材建造方法和大型机械臂驱动的材料三维构造建造方法。文章对未来建筑3D打印的研究方向提出了若干展望,包括材料理论及新材料研发、机械设备及工艺改良、软硬件协同和智能化控制研究、3D打印构件及结构力学性能研究、技术适用性及工作模式研究、技术标准体系研究、社会经济效益评价研究等方面。

3D Printing was originated in the late 1980s, which is called Additive Manufacturing or Rapid Prototyping. With the introduction of 3D printing technology, digital construction has become the digital development trend of the construction field since the 21st century. This paper reviews the research and applications of 3D printing technologies for construction at home and abroad, and summarizes the current main technologies as three types according to the material and process：additive construction based on concrete layered overlay, additive construction based on sand powder layered adhesive stack and material structure construction by mechanical arm. Finally, several future research orientations are proposed, including material development, machinery and process improvement, intelligent control and cooperation of software and hardware, mechanical property of component and structure, technical applicability and mode, technical criterion system and social economic evaluation etc.