青岛市老年人群2型糖尿病患病危险因素分析

Analysis on the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in elderly residents of Qingdao city

目的了解青岛市老年人群2型糖尿病(T2DM)危险因素的流行特征,探讨其与2型糖尿病的关系,为糖尿病预防控制策略的制定提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法对青岛市市南、市北、四方、黄岛、胶南、即墨6个区(市)进行流行病学调查,选择60岁及以上老年人群作为调查对象,采用比值比(OR)来评价相关危险因素与2型糖尿病的关系。结果青岛市老年人群T2DM患病率为28.5%;按是否患T2DM分组,T2DM组人群高血压患病率(78.1%)、超重和肥胖率(53.4%)、血脂紊乱率(44.5%)、冠心病率(19.0%)、脑卒中率(7.0%)、糖尿病家族史比例(15.4%)明显高于非T2DM组(分别为66.1%、44.9%、30.6%、12.9%、3.1%和7.7%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析发现,青岛市老年人群中T2DM的3个主要危险因素是糖尿病家族史、高血压和血脂紊乱(P<0.01),T2DM组这3种危险因素的检出比例(分别为15.4%、78.1%和44.5%)高于非T2DM组(分别为7.7%、66.1%和30.6%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与无这3种危险因素者相比,随着危险因素的聚集,T2DM患病危险明显增加。结论高血压、血脂紊乱、糖尿病家族史是青岛市居民发生T2DM的3个主要危险因素,控制、防治3种危险因素的聚集可以显著降低T2DM的患病水平。

Objective To study the prevalence characters of risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus（ T2DM）, to explore the relationship between the risk factors and T2 DM and provide the base for preventing and controlling T2 DM. Methods An epidemiological investigation of the elderly residents aged ≥60 years old was conducted by cluster random sampling in 6 districts of Qingdao.Odds ratios（ORs） were used to assess the relationship between the related risk factors and T2 DM. Results The morbidity of T2 DM in elderly residents of Qingdao was 28.5%. The rates of hypertension, overweight or obesity, dyslipidemia,coronary heart disease（CHD）, stroke and T2 DM family history in T2 DM group were 78.1%, 53.4%, 44.5%, 19.0%, 7.0% and15.4%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those（66.1%, 44.9%, 30.6%, 12.9%, 3.1% and 7.7%） in non-T2 DM group（P 0.01 or P 0.05）. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the three major risk factors of T2 DM were T2 DM family history, hypertension and dyslipidemia in elderly residents of Qingdao（P〈0.01）; the three major risk factors of T2 DM were T2 DM family history, hypertension and dyslipidemia in elderly residents of Qingdao（P〈0.01）; the detection rates（15.4%, 78.1%and 44.5%） of three risk factors in T2 DM group were significantly higher than those（7.7%, 66.1% and 30.6%） in non-T2 DM group（P〈0.01）; the risk of T2 DM increased with the accumulation of the three risk factors, as compared with elderly residents without three risk factors. Conclusion The main three risk factors of T2 DM are the T2 DM family history,hypertension and dyslipidemiain residents of Qingdao. The controlling and preventing the accumulation of the three risk factors could significantly reduce the morbidity of T2 DM.