2011-2012年河南省食品中有害重金属元素污染状况调查分析

Survey on food contamination with harmful heavy metals in Henan in 2011-2012

目的了解2011-2012年河南省各类食品中铅、镉、总汞、总砷等有害重金属元素的污染水平,掌握河南省食品安全现状。方法采取多级分层随机抽样原则,选取郑州、开封、洛阳、安阳、鹤壁、漯河、南阳、周口8个地市为调查地区,抽取谷物及其制品、肉类及其制品、新鲜蔬菜、食用菌及制品、蛋类、乳类、水产品、膨化食品、茶叶、婴幼儿食品等11大类,进行铅、镉、总汞、总砷的检测。结果铅在各类食品中的总体超标率为3.81%(44/1 154),其中藻类及其制品中铅的超标率为17.24%(5/29),显著高于特殊营养用食品和食用菌(χ2值分别为14.52和11.84,P<0.01);镉在各类食品中的总体超标率为2.07%(21/1 014);总汞为1.35%(13/960);总砷为0.19%(1/522)。结论所调查的重金属元素在河南省食品中的总体超标率较低,但藻类及其制品中有害元素污染状况较为严重,应采取措施加以控制。

Objective To understand the harmful heavy metal contamination in food products in Henan province during 2011-2012,in order to guarantee the safety of food. Methods A total of 1 154 food samples of11 kinds of food products were randomly selected from 8cities in Henan by multistage stratified sampling method and cadmium,lead,mercury and total arsenic levels were measured. Results The lead level exceeded the limit in 3.81% of food samples,the percentages were much higher in algae and algae products compared to specific nutritional food and mushroom（χ^2= 14.52 and 11.84,P〈0.01）.The over-limit rates of cadmium,total mercury and total arsenic were 2.07%,1.35% and 0.19%,respectively among all food samples. Conclusions The over-limit rates of heavy metals in food samples collected from Henan province are relatively low,except in algae products,which should be controlled.