双重倒逼下的盈利模式转型与服务功能提升——基于中国商业银行盈利结构差异的国际比较

The Transition of Profit Pattern and the Improvement of Service Ability under Double Reversed Transmission——Based on the International Comparison of Commercial Banks' Profit Structure

通过分析商业银行服务实体经济功能层次对盈利模式的内生决定机制,利用中国与4个发达国家和6个转轨国家各国2006-2012年资产规模排名前20名的商业银行盈利结构对比发现,中国商业银行服务实体经济功能处于较低水平。生息资产规模扩张快、净利息收入占营业收入比高,动员储蓄的基础功能极为有效;股权收益率和资产收益率比其他国家高,但净息差与净利差比发达国家大,说明其资本配置核心功能较低;净费用及佣金占营业收入比在11个国家中排名最后,风险分散等派生或衍生性功能缺乏。中国商业银行的盈利结构调整与服务实体经济的功能提升的途径在于:强化战略决策的科学化和资金配置方向的前瞻性判断力;实施差异化经营战略,拓展服务实体经济的深度和广度;加强人才培养,提高员工素质,提升服务技能,促进服务链条延伸。

Stating the endogenous decision mechanism of functional hierarchy of commercial banks serving the real economy to profit pattern and contrasting the profit structure of the commercial banks ranked in the top 20 by asset in each country of four developed countries and six transition countries from 2006 to 2012with that of China,we find that the function of Chinese commercial banks serving the real economy is at a lower level.The interest-bearing assets＇ scale expands fast,net interest income proportion is high and the basic function to mobilize savings is effective.Chinese commercial banks have high return rate but the net interest margin is larger than that of developed countries and the key function of capital allocation is weaker.Chinese commercial banks＇ net gains（losses）on derivatives proportion is the last one in the 11 countries and lack derived or derivative function like diversification of risk.Ways for Chinese commercial banks to adjust profit structure and improve the ability of serving real economy are to strengthen the scientization of strategic decision and prospective judgment of capital allocation direction,to implement the strategy of differentiation and expand the depth and breadth of serving real economy,to strengthen personnel training to improve the quality of staff and service skills and to promote service chain extension.