大数据及其在城市智能交通系统中的应用综述

Big Data and Its Applications in Urban Intelligent Transportation System

大数据给城市智能交通系统的技术发展与应用革新带来了机遇和挑战.从交通大数据的基本概念、交通大数据带来的问题和大数据驱动的数学建模方法等方面,阐述了交通大数据给智能交通系统带来的变革.为了深入理解交通大数据的内涵,分析交通大数据的产生背景,提出了交通大数据的'6V'特征,总结了智能交通系统中大数据的基本类型.面对交通大数据带来的数据安全、网络通信、计算效率和数据存储等诸多问题,提出了应对策略和思路.对数据驱动的建模方法进行了分析,说明了混合模型的意义.最后,讨论了大数据驱动的智能交通系统的体系框架.

Big data brings both opportunities and challenges to technological development and application innovation of urban intelligent transportation system. Significant changes of ITS, which brought by traffic big data, are shown in three aspects： the concept of traffic big data, problems brought by traffic big data, and big-data-driven based mathematic modeling methods. This paper is intended to deeply understand big data,the background and category of traffic big data are sketched, the＂6V＂characteristics of traffic big data are proposed, the basic types of traffic big data in ITS are summarized. Strategies and ideas are presented based on the problems of traffic big data, namely, data security, network communication, computational efficiency,and data storage. This paper also analyzes the method of data driven model, and describes the significance of hybrid model. Finally, system framework of ITS based on traffic big data is proposed.