单位实施非单位犯罪行为的定性与反思

The Qualitation and Reflection of the Behavior of the Units in a Non-unit Crime

根据刑法第30条规定,成立单位犯罪必须有刑法的明文规定。但是,对单位实施非单位犯罪的行为应当如何定罪处罚,是司法实践中的一大困境,对此也存在不同的观点。单位犯罪立法解释的出台为相关争议和司法困境的解决提供了规范性指导。通过刑法理论和刑法规范的考量,可以得出单位犯罪立法解释的实质是法律拟制这一结论,而相关司法解释则属于类推解释。为了坚守刑法保障人权的机能,恪守罪刑法定原则的基本精神,应当严格限制法律拟制的设置。法律拟制应当属于立法的范畴,司法机关并无设置法律拟制之权力。因此,也应当否认具有法律拟制性质的司法解释的效力。

According to the provisions of article 30 of criminal law, unit crime should be convicted according to the law. But the conviction of the non-unit crime conducted by unit is a big dilemma in judicial practice and them are different views. The？ legislative interpretation of unit crime provides standard guidance to settle the disputes and legal difficulties. Taking the criminal law theory and criminal rules into consideration, we can draw a conclusion that the essence of unit crime legislation is legal fiction, while its legislative interpretation belongs to analogy. In order to adhere to criminal law＇ s function of protecting human rights and abide by the basic spirit of the principle that crime should be regulated by law, the set-up of legal fiction should be strictly re- stricted. Legal fiction should belong to the scope of legislation, while？ judicial？ authorities？ don＇ t have this right. So the ef- fectiveness of judicial interpretation which has the quality of legal fiction.it should be denied.