大学生求学动机对综合能力发展的影响

The Learning Motivations Influence on College Students' Comprehensive Ability Development

文章使用北京大学教育学院"首都高校学生发展状况调查(2011—2013年)追踪数据",分析求学动机对大学生综合能力发展的影响。数据显示:(1)大学生求学动机具有强烈的学习和追求闲暇的双重性特征,反映出当代中国大学生在高焦虑、高竞争性的应试教育后,产生出的渴望轻松无焦虑教育环境的心理需求。大学人才培养模式改革需要突破学生求学动机和大学教育之间的不匹配,超越现状和目标之间的对立,寻求一条新的解决问题的途径。(2)动机差异和能力培养之间存在错位,表明目前我们对学生的培养仍然是割裂的,没有实现全人培养的理念,尤其是对批判性思维和社会责任感的培养严重不足。(3)城乡群体差异体现了基础教育阶段家庭抚育文化对子女情感素养、非认知能力发展等方面的深远影响。

By employing ＂ the Longitudinal Data of the Survey on College Students＇ Development Situation in Universities and Colleges at Beijing（ 2011- 2013） ＂,this study analyzes how learning motivations influence college students ＇ comprehensive ability development. The study concludes that： Firstly, college students are motivated by a strong desire for learning as well as leisure. It reflects that exam- oriented education has brought high pressure on students with intense competition,and after that,college students now demand a relaxing and anxiety- free environment. In the reform of university personnel cultivation,we need to rematch students＇ learning motivation and college education,and overstep the conflict between present situation and our goal,then set up a new way to solve the problems. Secondly,The dislocation existing in different motivations and ability training indicates that at present the means of students ＇ cultivation is still separated,and the concept of comprehensive cultivation hasn＇t been put into practice. Especially,the training of critical thinking and social responsibility is seriously insufficient. Thirdly,The differences between urban and rural groups reflect the far- reaching influence of the family parenting culture in basic education stage to children emotional cultivation and the development of the non- cognitive ability.