混合牙列期儿童的牙齿数目及形态异常的分析

Investigation of teeth number and morphology abnormalities in children at the mixed dentition stage

目的应用曲面断层技术分析混合牙列期儿童恒牙数目及形态异常的发生情况。方法收集2011年9月—2013年9月就诊的5~15岁混合牙列期儿童的曲面断层片,共纳入4 347张,观察记录先天缺牙、多生牙、牙瘤、过小牙、融合牙、弯曲牙和畸形牙尖的发生情况。应用SPSS 16.0统计学软件分析所得数据。结果牙齿数目及形态异常的患病率为31.79%（1 382/4 347）,男性多于女性,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。先天缺牙为最常见的牙齿数目及形态异常,患病率为15.00%（652/4 347）,女性多见;其次为多生牙,患病率为12.61%（548/4 347）,男性多见（P〈0.05）。过小牙、弯曲牙患病率分别为4.00%（174/4 347）和2.16%（94/4 347）,畸形牙尖、牙瘤、融合牙较少见,分别为0.74%（32/4 347）、0.51%（22/4 347）、0.39%（17/4 347）。结论混合牙列期儿童恒牙数目及形态异常的患病率较高,先天缺牙和多生牙最常见。应用曲面断层技术进行检查,可早期发现牙齿发育异常。

Objective This study aims to investigate the prevalence and distribution of teeth number and morphology abnormalities in Chinese pediatric patients＇ permanent teeth at the mixed dentition stage by performing panoramic radiographs analysis. Methods A total of 4 347 panoramic radiographs of pediatric patients aged 5 years to 15 years who were admitted to the hospitals from September 2011 to September 2013 were reviewed. The presence of teeth number and morphology abnormalities were recorded as follows： congenitally absent teeth, supernumerary teeth, odontoma, microdontia, fused teeth, dilaceations, and cusp deformity. SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results The prevalence of teeth number and morphology abnormalities in pediatric patients＇ permanent teeth was 31.79%（1 382/4 347）. The prevalence was higher in males. Significant difference between the genders was observed（P〈0.05）. Tooth agenesis, the most frequent dental anomaly（15.00%, 652/4 347）, was considerably common in females; supernumerary teeth（12.61%, 548/4 347） followed, which was significantly common in males. Both differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）. The levels of prevalence of both microdontia and dilacerations were 4.00%（174/4 347） and 2.16%（94/4 347）. The prevalence of cusp deformity, odontoma, and fused teeth were relatively low at 0.74%（32/4 347）, 0.51%（22/4 347）, and 0.39%（17/4 347）, respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of teeth number and morphology abnormalities in children＇s permanent teeth at the mixed dentition stage is apparently high. Tooth agenesis and supernumerary teeth are the most frequent. Panoramic radiograph is an efficient method for the early diagnosis of teeth number and morphology abnormalities. This method can assist pediatric dentists to formulate treatment plans for children at the appropriate time.