理学开新:《近思录》的编纂及其内在逻辑理念

The New Development of Neo-Confucianism: On the Compilation of Jinsi Record and Its Internal Logic

《近思录》是儒学发展史上的重要典籍,由南宋大儒朱熹和吕祖谦精选周敦颐、张载、程颢、程颐四子论学语录共计622条(内含邵雍一条)编纂而成。朱、吕二子并不强调周子、邵雍、横渠"前三子"与二程治学理念的差别,更加看重他们之间的共同点,将"前三子"与二程泯然浑一,同炉共脍。然朱、吕所重明显落在"格物"而"致知"上。理学由原先仅重"德性之知",向明确主张"闻见之知"的"道问学"一派之重大折捩,《近思录》成为标志性典籍。且朱子之治学理念及别识心裁,也通过《近思录》体大思精的内在编纂逻辑隐隐地透出。

Comprised of 622 quotations from four Confucian scholars,i. e.,ZHOU Dun-yi,ZHANG Zai,CHENG Hao and CHENG Yi( with an exception from SHAO Yong) selected and edited by famous Confucians ZHU Xi and LV Zu-qian in the Southern Song Dynasty,Jinsi Record is an important work in the history of Con-fucianism. Ignoring the divergences between ZHOU Dun-yi,SHAO Yong and ZHANG Zai on the one hand and CHENG Brothers on the other,ZHU and LV focused on their similarities and put them together. However,ZHU and LV obviously emphasized'investigating things'rather than'extending knowledge'. Thus,Jinsi Record marks the turning point of Neo-Confucianism from its emphasis on the 'knowledge of morality'to that on the 'knowledge of seeing and hearing'. The logic inherent in the comprehensive and thoughtful compilation of Jinsi Record also reflects ZHU Xi's own ideas and insights.