2013年高密市制鞋行业从业人员苯及苯系物接触情况及其对健康的影响

Contact situation and its influence on health of benzene and benzene series among shoemaking industry workers in Gaomi in 2013

目的了解制鞋从业人员的苯及苯系物接触情况并探讨其对健康的影响。方法对51家制鞋企业2 329名接触和不接触苯及苯系物人员健康状况进行调查并对白细胞进行计数,通过调查从业人员年龄、性别、接触工龄等因素,结合临床症状进行统计学分析。结果接触苯及苯系物人员高血压、贫血、心电图异常、B超异常、尿常规异常、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）活力异常的患病率明显高于对照组,其中高血压、贫血的患病率分别为17.72%、11.39%,并且接触组白细胞减少的检出率为9.70%,显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（χ-2=79.45,P〈0.01）。接触组中工龄≥5a的员工白细胞减少的检出率均高于工龄〈5a的员工,女性白细胞减少的检出率（12.60%）明显高于男性（9.4%）,但差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论接触组患病概率和白细胞减少检出率明显要高于对照组,应加强从业人员的健康监护和改善作业环境。

[Objective]To understand the contact situation of benzene and benzene series among shoemaking industry workers and explore its influence on health.[Methods]The health status and leukocyte count of 2329 workers exposure or non-exposure to benzene and benzene series in 51 shoes manufacturing enterprises were investigated.Through the investigation of workers＇ age,gender,length of exposure and other factors and combined with clinical symptoms,the contact situation was statistically analyzed.[Results]The prevalence rates of hypertension,anemia,abnormal electrocardiogram,abnormal B-ultrasound,abnormal urine routine and abnormal ALT vitality in workers exposure to benzene and benzene series were significantly higher than that in control group.The prevalence rates of hypertension and anemia were 17.72%and 11.39%,and the detection rate of leukopenia was9.70%,significantly higher than that in control group（χ-2=79.45,P〈0.01）.The detection rate of leukopenia in contact group workers with more than 5 years length of service was higher than that in workers with less than 5 years length of service,and the detection rate of leukopenia in females（12.60%） was higher than that in males（9.4%）,but the difference was not statistically significant（P〉0.05）.[Conclusion]The prevalence rate of contact group is significantly higher than that in control group.The health supervision of workers should be strengthened and the working environment should be improved.