中国自治型公司法的理论证成及制度实现

The Theoretical Arguments and Institutional Realization of Self-governing Corporate Law in China

中国新一轮公司法改革的最终目标应定位于实现从管制型公司法向自治型公司法的战略转型,其立法要旨是充分尊重公司的意思自治和行为自由。确立此项目标的可能性在于制度逻辑考量下的内生性要求,必要性则在于国际竞争视域下的现实性需要。其目的是充分尊重和保护公司自我意志的自由表达,意在指导市场主体在法律许可的范围内尽力去追求其自身的正当利益。在此基础上围绕公司的组织形式、设立条件、治理结构、营业自由、管控体制、淘汰机制等方面进行制度构建。自治型公司法应树立以效益为基点的均衡发展理念,在全覆盖式的法律框架结构下,借助技术性与伦理性并重的规范配置,形成股东与利益相关者兼容的制度体系。可以借鉴公司法框架外的一些制度,提升法律解释与司法判例的作用,实现公司法与相关法律间的同步完善。

The ultimate objective of the new round of corporate law reform in China should be oriented toward the realization of a strategic transformation from regulated corporate law to autonomous corporate law,with the legislative intent of fully respecting the company's autonomy of will and freedom of action.The possibility of establishing this objective rests in the endogenous requirements accounted for in the rationale of the institution;its necessity lies in immediate needs in the context of international competition.The aim is to fully respect and protect the company's free expression of its self-determination,with the intention of guiding market entities to do their utmost to pursue their legally sanctioned interests.On this basis,institution-building is to be carried out on the basis of the company's organizational forms,establishment conditions,governance structure,operational freedom,regulatory system,selection mechanisms,etc.Autonomous corporate law should establish the concept of balanced development on the basis of profits,and should,under an inclusive legal framework,form a system that takes account of both shareholders and stakeholders through normative arrangements that lay equal emphasis on techniques and ethics.We can learn from some institutions outside the framework of corporate law to improve the role of legal interpretation and judicial precedent,thus realizing the simultaneous improvement of both corporate law and other related law.