论朱彝尊在清代词坛的接受及其经典化过程

On the Acceptance and Canonization of Zhu Yizun in Ci-Poetry of the Qing Dynasty

朱彝尊凭借对咏物词的开拓和对醇雅词风的追求,在康熙词坛由讲求"志意"之"实"而趋向讲求"韵趣"之"虚"的转变中脱颖而出,并因顺应盛世音声而成为当局认可的"经典词人"。其才学化的创作路径、醇雅清空的审美追求和学者兼词人的身份,又契合了雍乾词坛走向学人之词的总体趋势,故在雍乾词人的接受高潮中成为了真正的经典词人。嘉道时期的各种词学思想争鸣导致人们对竹垞词的长处与缺点展开细致辨析与理性评价,朱彝尊的经典地位则在理性审视与多维建构中得到延续。晚清词风的主流改换为讲求思致沉郁与寄托浑化,加之词派间的博弈以及晚清词人的高度自信,朱彝尊终究被请出了经典序列。从朱彝尊在清代词坛的经典化过程可以看出,清人通过多元化的途径来建构本朝经典,而这个过程会受到诸多外界因素的影响,导致清人所建构的本朝经典序列具有相对的不稳定性。清人通过对本朝经典的建构,抬升了词体的地位,从根本上推进了清词复兴的进程。

By virtue of pioneering the theme of praising objects and pursuing elegant style in cipoetry,Zhu Yizun stood out in the transition from practical to ideological form in ci-poetry during Kangxi period in the Qing Dynasty.His talent and learning in creation,aesthetic pursuit of elegant style and dual identity as a scholar and a ci-poet conformed to the main trend in ci-poetry of Yongzheng and Qianlong periods;therefore Zhu Yizun became unquestionably a classic ci-poet in the climax of acceptance of the two Periods.The contention of thoughts in ci-poetry during Jiaqing and Daoguang periods generated an elaborative discrimination and rational evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of ci-poem composed by Zhu Yizun whose classic status survived rational examinations and multi-dimensional constructions.Zhu Yizun's decanonization was due to the following fact:the changes of mainstream ci-poetry style into a depressed one,the competitions among different schools of ci-poetry and a high degree of self-confidence of ci-poets in the late Qing Dynasty.From the canonization of Zhu Yizun in ci-poetry of the Qing Dynasty,it can be seen that people of the time constructed the classics through diversified ways,affected by many external factors and resulting in relative instability of the classics in the Qing Dynasty.Through the construction of the classics,people in the Qing Dynasty established a model of learning,enhanced the confidence on artistic creation,and uplifted the status of ci-poetry,thus making the prosperity and development of cipoetry and fundamentally advancing the process of renaissance of ci-poetry in the Qing Dynasty.