女运动员月经状况及相关因素调查

Female athletes menstrual status and its related factors

目的 调查女运动员月经状况及相关因素。方法 2015年2-5月选择103名女运动员,采用问卷调查方式收集基本资料及月经相关状况情况并分析相关因素。结果 103名女运动员月经失调共61名（59.22%）,月经周期异常发生率为33.98%,经期异常发生率为28.16%,经量异常发生率为36.89%,继发性闭经发生率为10.68%;降体重组月经失调各症状发生率均明显高于非降体重组（P〈0.05）,技巧类组月经周期异常、经期异常、经量异常发生率均明显高于体能类组（P〈0.05）,水上项目组经期异常、经量异常、经间期出血发生率均明显高于非水上项目组（P〈0.05）,经期增加负荷组月经失调各症状发生率最高,经期减少负荷组最低,经期正常训练组居中,三组训练负荷组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。初潮前开始专业训练组月经周期异常、经期异常、经量异常发生率均明显高于初潮后开始专业训练组（P〈0.05）。降体重、经期增加负荷、初潮前开始专业训练是女运动员月经失调独立影响因素（P〈0.05）。结论 女运动员月经失调发生率较高,月经周期异常、经期异常、经量异常最常见,降体重、经期增加负荷、初潮前开始专业训练与女运动员月经失调关系密切。

Objective To investigate the menstrual status of female athletes and related factors. Methods 103 female athletes from February to May 2015 were selected. Questionnaires were used to collect basic information and menstrual status of female athletes. The relevant factors were analyzed. Results Among 103 female athletes, 61 （59.22%） had menstrual disorders, the incidence oF abnormal menstrual cycle was 33.98%, incidence of abnormal menstrual period was 28.16%, the incidence of abnormal menstrual volume was 36.89%, secondary amenorrhea rate was 10.68%. Incidence of menstrual disorder symptoms in lose weight group were significantly higher than those in the non- lose weight group （P 〈 0.05）. Incidence of abnormal menstrual cycle, abnormal menstrual period, abnormal menstrual volume in the skill group were significantly higher than those in the physical group （P 〈 0.05）. Incidence of abnormal menstrual period, abnormal menstrual volume, intermenstrual bleeding in the aquatic sport group were significantly higher than those in the non-aquatic sport group （P 〈 0.05）. Incidence of menstrual disorder symptoms in menstrual period increasing load group were significantly higher, which in menstrual period decreasing load group were the lowest, the menstrual period normal training group were in the middle, the three groups had statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. Incidence of abnor- mal menstrual cycle, abnormal menstrual period, abnormal menstrual volume in the professional training before men- struation group were significantly higher than those in the professional training after menstruation group （P 〈 0.05）. Lose weight, menstrual period increasing load, professional training before menstruation were the independent factors of menstrual disorder in female athletes （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The incidence of menstrual disorders in female athlete is higher, abnormal menstrual cycle, abnormal menstrual period, abnormal menstrual volume are the most common men- strual disorders. Lose weight, menstrual period increasing load, professional training before menstruation have close re- lation with menstrual disorders of female athlete.