灭螺药氯代水杨胺对非靶生物的急性毒性评价

Acute toxicity of LDS,a molluscicide,to non-target organisms

目的评价新型灭螺药10%氯代水杨胺制剂(LDS)对非靶生物的急性毒性。方法按照《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》,将10%LDS分别对鹌鹑、蜜蜂、家蚕、斑马鱼等非靶生物进行急性毒性试验。结果 10%LDS对鹌鹑的急性毒性试验在最大染毒浓度为200 mg/kg时,受试鹌鹑未出现任何中毒症状,也未出现死亡情况,为无毒。10%LDS对蜜蜂的半数致死浓度(LC50)为2.68×103mg/L,为低毒。10%LDS对家蚕按最高浓度6.00×102mg/kg桑叶染毒时,观察96 h后,各浓度组未观察到家蚕死亡;但与空白对照相比,高浓度组家蚕出现一些如食欲减退、运动减缓等中毒症状,故为低毒。10%LDS对斑马鱼的LC50为6.16 mg/L,为中毒。结论 10%LDS对鹌鹑为无毒,对蜜蜂、家蚕为低毒,对斑马鱼为中毒,对鱼的安全性明显优于氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐,是一种新型的灭螺药。

Objective To evaluate the acute toxicity of 10% LDS,a new molluscicide,to non-target organisms. Methods Based on＂Chemical pesticide environmental safety test evaluation standard＂,an acute toxicity test was carried out with Coturnix coturnix japonica（quail）,Apis mellifera L（bee）,Bombyx mori（silkworm）,and Brachydonio rerio（zebra fish）,and the skin stimulus test was also performed with guinea pig. Results The quails had no toxic symptoms while the maximum poisoning concentration of LDS was 200 mg/kg（no toxicity）. LC50 of bees was 2.68×103mg/L（low toxicity）. After 96 hours,no silkworms died in each group of different concentrations of LDS while the most concentration was 6.00×102mg/kg,but there were some toxic symptoms such as inappetence and inactive in the high concentration group as compared to the blank control group（low toxic）.LC50（96 h）of zebra fish was 6.16 mg/L（medium toxicity）. Conclusions LDS has no toxicity to Coturnix coturnix japonica,low toxicity to Apis mellifera L and Bombyx mori,and medium toxicity to Brachydonio rerio. Compared with niclosamide ethanolamine salt,the toxicity to the fish is lower,and therefore,it is more suitable for the field application.