制度性利益的重构:高等教育机构“漂移”、趋同与多元的动力机制——基于英国高等教育机构变革的经验

The Reconstruction of Institutional Interests: Dynamic Mechanism of Drift,Convergence and Diversification of Higher Educational Institution

由于传统大学的广泛声誉及其学科逻辑在高等教育系统中的支配地位与合法性垄断,英国多科技术学院等非大学类高等教育机构将"学科逻辑"奉为圭臬并形成"学术漂移"。为打破由漂移产生的趋同困境,英国高等教育体制开始从"二元制"走向"一元制","一元体制下的多元特征"成为20世纪90年代以来英国高等教育系统的基本特征。从知识生产模式变革以及高等教育机构的资源依赖与竞争属性而言,高等教育机构的"漂移"、趋同与多元,是具有内在规律性与合理性的组织变革历程。我国高等教育系统的历史演进,也存在类似的因"身份歧视"与"学科逻辑"崇拜而衍生的大学趋同化困局。因此,亟待建构高等教育系统网络治理的制度环境,重塑大学与政府的关系,促进学科逻辑与应用逻辑的包容性发展与制度化,培育高等教育机构自主变革与转型的制度性利益,从而形塑高等教育系统多元化的动力机制。

Institutionalism thought the change and transformation of higher learning institution came from the interaction among actor, institutional environment and institution itself. The traditional university＇s reputation made academic logic enjoy the position of control and legal monopoly in higher education system. Non-university higher learning institutions such as polytechnics of the U.K. regarded academic logic as exemplary and made academic drift. The two-way drift between traditional university and polytechnic made higher education system in the U.K. converged. To change the difficult position of convergence, higher education system in the U.K. changed from ＂dual system＂ to ＂unified system＂. In 1990s, the diversification under unified system became its essential feature. From the perspective of knowledge production model＇s change and the property of resource dependence and competition, higher educational institution＇s drift, convergence and diversification is an institutional reform process with inherent regularity and reasonability. The progress of Chinese higher education system also has the problem of convergence caused by identity discriminate and the blind worship of academic logic. We should rebuild institutional environment for network governing, and the relationship between universities and government, encourage the fusion of academic logic and application logic and their institutionalization, cultivate the institutional interest of higher education institution＇s self-revolution, and form the motivate mechanism of higher education diversification system.