内蒙古乌拉特鹅喉羚蒙古亚种夏季生境选择初步研究

Preliminary analysis on the summer habitat selection of Mongolia subspecies of goitred gazelle in Wulate, Inner Mongolia of northern China

【目的】研究鹅喉羚蒙古亚种与夏季栖息地的关系,为探索鹅喉羚蒙古亚种的生境选择和生境恢复提供科学依据。【方法】于2016年7—8月,采用样线法和随机样方法,在内蒙古乌拉特后旗的蒙古野驴-梭梭林国家级自然保护区展开了鹅喉羚蒙古亚种夏季生境选择研究。共获得71个鹅喉羚数据样方,测定了15种生境因子,计算Vanderploeg和Scavia选择指数同时进行主成分分析。【结果】鹅喉羚喜好高平原和残丘,坡向半阴,灌木类型以白刺灌木林为主。倾向选择灌木数量为0～10株、20～30株,植被盖度为0～20%、60%～80%,距道路的距离为10～15 km,距居民点的距离为10～15 km的生境。主成分分析结果显示,前5个主成分的累计贡献率为76.504%,其中第1主成分的贡献率为22.058%,地形因子(坡向、坡位和坡度)是第1主成分的影响因子,其他几个主成分的生境选择因子主要是干扰、水源和食物及植被因子。【结论】因此,我们认为夏季鹅喉羚对生境的选择呈现一定的偏好和回避,是由于夏季保护区内气候、地形、食物以及干扰等因子特有的季节性特征导致,也体现出其对保护区实际生境情况和资源分布进行的择优和取舍行为。

[Objective]Due to the lack of research on goitred gazelle(Gazella subgutturosa hillieriana)at home and abroad,it has some adverse effects on its protection.Therefore,this paper studies the habitat selection of Mongolia subspecies of goitred gazelle in summer,and will provide a basis for exploring habitat selection and habitat restoration of the species.[Method]We investigated the habitat selection of Mongolia subspecies of goitred gazelle in the Ass-Saxoul National Nature Reserve of Wulate,Inner Mongolia of northern China from July to August 2016,using methods of transects and random samples.Totally 71 quadrats with gazelle and its tracks were obtained and 15 habitat selection factors were measured.The Vanderploeg and Scavia selection index and principal component analysis were used to determine the main habitat factors.[Result]The results showed that goitred gazelle chose high plain and torso mountain,semishady slope,shrub with nitraria sibirica(Nitraria tangutorum);shrub numbers of no more than 10 or 20–30;the vegetation coverage of less than 20%or 60%–80%;and with the distance from the road and resident sites10–15 km.Principal component analysis(PCA)indicated that the total cumulative contribution rate for 5 components was 76.504%,the contribution rate of the first principal component was 22.058%,in which the highest was terrain factors(slope orientation,slope position and slope degree);high contribution rate factors in other principal components were disturbance,water distance and vegetation factors.[Conclusion]Therefore,we suppose that gazelles’preference and avoidance for habitat selection is due to the unique seasonal characteristics of climate,topograghy,food and disturbance in summer and reflects its preference and trade-off for the actual habitat and resource distribution in the protected area.