解读与超越——对中国武术技击的再讨论

Interpretation and Transcendence: Discussion on Chinese Martial Arts

研究的主要目的在于廓清长期以来关于武术技击的争议问题。运用文献资料、专家访谈法等研究方法对武术的技击神话、技击乌托邦、技击现实、技击辩护、技击伦理进行了分析。研究认为:从民国时期的两次"国考"到现代的央视体育频道"武林大会"的技击实践来看,人们对传统武术的技击一直存在着理想化倾向,从而无法认识和承认自身;中国武术技击并非一味取巧,也有"什么都要练"的"泛和谐主义";从文化三层次出发的武术文化分层来看,武术文化的核心从属于中国文化的核心,技击乃是武术技术层面的核心内容,因此,以技击作为武术的本质来界定与域外武技比较中的"我优他劣"并不合适;人们对技击欲望的无限追逐以及缺乏同步的德性训练,无法成为"有节制的人",造成了对身体的损害;生存是武术的技击伦理,比试只是手段;囿于自身的想象,人们对待中国武术的技击观念难以超越自身所知,从而无法形成"真正的自由意见";当前更为重要的应该是关注武术融合的过程和趋势,而不是一劳永逸地给出一个武术的确凿定义。

The main purpose of this study was to clarify the long-standing dispute on the issue of martial arts.By means of literature review and expert interview,this paper analyses the myth,utopia,reality,defense and ethics of martial arts.Study suggested that:From the practice of the two national examinations in the Republic of China to the Wulin Congress in modern CCTV Sports Channel,we can see that people always have an idealized tendency towards the traditional Wushu skills,which makes them unable to recognize and accept themselves.Chinese Wushu is not always skillful in martial arts.There is also pan-harmony doctrine of“practicing everything”.From the perspective of cultural stratification of Wushu,the core of Wushu culture is subordinate to the core of Chinese culture,and martial art is the core content of Wushu technology.Therefore,it is not appropriate to define“I am superior to others”in comparison with foreign Wushu technology by taking martial art as the essence of Wushu.People's infinite pursuit of martial desire and lack of synchronous moral training cannot become“temperate person”,resulting in physical damage.Survival is Wushu's artial ethics,competition is only a means.Limited by their own imagination,it is difficult for people to surpass their own knowledge of Chinese Wushu's martial concept,thus unable to form“real free opinion”.At present,it is more important to pay attention to the process and trend of Wushu integration,rather than to give a definite definition of Wushu once and for all.