论方以智的文章学

The Essays on Writings of Fang Yizhi

方以智文论，和他的学术思想一样，都有“坐集千古之智”集大成气魄。明清之际，方以智面对的有明一代的文论遗产是：七子派主学秦汉文，唐宋派主学唐宋文，公安、竞陵派又主张不拘格套、独抒性灵。理学派只重心性，轻视文采。这些观点直至明末，仍是相持对立，莫衷一是。方以智对明代乃至历史上的各种文论主张都做出了批评，提出吸取众家之长，将道与文、学问与才性、法与无法等范畴整合成一体，理论上不仅超越了历史上各种观点，而且对后来的桐城派文论有重大影响，成为桐城文论的源头和先驱。

The essays on writings of Fang Yizhi, like his academic thoughts, had the verve which could be built upon the wisdom of all the past history. By the time of Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, the historical heritages that Fang Yizhi were facing included： the essays in Qing Dynasty and Han Dynasty＂ which were highly praised by Qizi School; the essays of Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty which were highly praised by Tangsong School; Gong＇ an School and Jingling School advocated that no set of patterns be followed and the essays should discuss its own ideas and thoughts; Lixue School paid more attention to contents than expression. All those different thoughts conflicted with each others and no conclusion ever reached. Fang Yizhi criticized the different thought on essay writing in Ming Dynasty and other thoughts in the past history, and suggested that essay writing should learn all the best of different schools by combining comprehensive methods. His theory not only surpassed all the different thoughts before him and also had important influence on Tongcheng School, which became the source and precedent of writing essays of Tongcheng School.