中国冥婚习俗研究综述

A Review of Studies of the Custom of Ghost Marriages

冥婚习俗起源于殷商时期,其形成原因主要有灵魂不灭观念、封建伦理观念、安抚亡灵的亲情寄托、现实社会的利益需求等。冥婚的基本类型为鬼娶鬼、嫁鬼夫、娶鬼妻,因时代不同、地域差别而衍生出的类型更是名目繁多。冥婚的仪式千差万别,有的程序繁琐,禁忌诸多。研究古代冥婚故事者多着眼于对冥婚内容与形式的考察,研究现当代冥婚小说者则偏重于从文学与现实层面进行宏观把握。冥婚风俗在当代仍延绵不绝,甚至在都市出现,其原因与特点尚有待深入研究。

Originated from the Yin and Shang dynasties,the custom of ghost marriages,maintains as a result of the idea of the immortality of the soul,the feudal ethics,feelings of family members as well as needs from social reality.Basic types of ghost marriage are marriage among ghosts and human and ghost marriage with a range of variety from different time and space.The ritual for ghost marriage vary greatly,and some with complicated procedures andtaboo.Studies of ancientstories of ghost marriage focused more on the content and form of the custom,whileresearches based up modern and contemporary novels of ghost marriage were concerned moreabout literature skill and social basis.The custom of ghost marriage is still lingering in contemporary era,even in cities,and its causes and characteristics need to be studied further.