我国城乡二元经济结构变化特征与消解对策

On the change characteristics and resolution countermeasures of urban-rural dual economic structure of China

长期以来,我国重工业、轻农业,重城市、轻农村的发展政策,使得我国城乡二元经济特征显著。城乡分割产生的矛盾和问题已经成为制约我国经济发展的主要因素。在梳理相关研究文献的基础上,利用1978—2013年的统计数据,选取比较劳动生产率、二元经济对比系数和城乡收入差距作为衡量指标,对我国改革开放35年来城乡二元经济结构现状进行评判,并对其变化特征进行阶段性分析。在此基础上,提出统一户籍管理制度、深化土地制度改革、构建城乡统一市场、调整农业产业结构、加快第三产业的发展等对策建议,加快我国城乡二元经济结构转化。

For a long time, China＇ s policy that attaches great importance to industry and city and neglects agricukure and rural development makes the dual economic characteristics notable. The contradictions and problems from urban and rural segmentation have become the main factors to restrict the development of China＇ s economy. On the basis of combing the relevant research literature, the statistical data of 1978-2013 is used; the comparative labor productivity, dual economic contrast coefficient and urban and rural income ratio are selected as the measurement index; and then the urban-rural dual economic structure is judged and the characteristics of the changes in the phase since the 35 years of reform and opening up is analyzed. On this basis, the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to promote the transformation of the economic structure of urban and rural areas in our country, such as the unified household registration management system, deepening the reform of land system, building a unified market, adjusting agriculture industrial structure and accelerating the development of tertiary industry.