城市社区居家养老服务需求及其影响因素——基于全国性的城市老年人口调查数据

Demands and Determinants of Community Home-based Care Services for Urban Elderly: Based on the 2010 National Elderly Survey in China

文章利用中国老龄科学研究中心2010年"中国城乡老年人口状况追踪调查"的城市老年人数据,研究城市老年人社区居家养老服务的需求现状及其影响因素,并试图从需求层面探索养老服务产业发展受到限制的原因。研究表明,城市老年人有较高的社区居家养老服务需求,然而需求被满足的程度却较低。影响因素方面,崇尚节俭和为子女着想等传统文化因素确实抑制了老年人的居家养老服务需求;而"未富先老"限制养老服务产业发展却是一个过于笼统的论断,在某些细分产业内,"未富先老"的负面作用并不那么明显。此外,健康状况是老年人对医疗保健和康复护理服务需求的硬约束。儿子和女儿则在为父母提供养老服务方面发挥了不同的作用。

Using the data of the urban elderly collected from The Tracking Survey of the Aged Popu- lation in Urban/Rural China conducted in 2010, this paper aims to study the demands of the community home-based care services for the aged and its influencing factors, and to explore the reasons from the demand aspect why the development of the elderly care industry is trapped. The research shows that the older people have high demands of home-based care services, while few of their demands have been satisfied, The traditional culture values of being thrifty and caring more about children do suppress the elders＇ demands. However, it is an ambiguous statement that ageing before getting rich restricts the development of the elderly care industries, since the reality of ageing before getting rich does not have significant negative effects in some industry subdivisions. Furthermore, the health condition is a hard constraint on the medical care and rehabilitation nursing demands. At the same time, sons and daughters play different roles in the provision of the elderly care.