2014年APEC期间北京市空气质量改善分析

Improvement of Air Quality During APEC in Beijing in 2014

利用2014年11月1~12日(APEC会议期间)北京市大气污染物、PM_(2.5)组分及气象、遥感监测数据,结合CMB受体模型,综合分析了APEC会议期间北京市空气质量与气象条件变化并初步评估了减排措施对APEC会议期间PM_(2.5)浓度的贡献及影响.结果表明,APEC会议期间北京市PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_2、NO_2的浓度分别为43、62、8和46μg·m^(-3),比近5年平均浓度(PM_(2.5)为2012~2013年平均浓度)降低45%、43%、64%和31%;空间分布上PM_(2.5)在城区及北部山区改善效果最明显,下降幅度在30%~45%之间,南部地区降幅在25%以下;不同类别的站点降幅在27.4%~35.5%之间;APEC会议期间PM_(2.5)的主要组分SO_4^(2-)与同期(2013年11月1~12日)相比下降50%,地壳物质同比下降76%,NO_3^-同比下降35%;CMB模型源解析结果显示APEC会议期间燃煤锅炉贡献2%左右,扬尘贡献7%左右,机动车贡献30%左右;APEC会议期间北京市及周边地区针对可能发生的污染过程采取的减排保障措施对PM_(2.5)浓度具有明显的削峰降速作用.

Variations of air quality,meteorological conditions and the effect of pollution control measures on particle matter concentrations in Beijing were all analyzed during APEC（from 1st to 12 th in November） in 2014 based on the atmospheric pollutant monitoring data,monitoring components of PM2.5,meteorological and remote sensing data and CMB model.The results showed that the average concentrations of PM2.5,PM（10）,SO2,NO2 were 43,62,8,46 μg·m-（-3） respectively during APEC and the average concentrations of PM2.5,PM10,SO2,NO2 were decreased by 45%,43%,64%and 31%compared to those in the same period of the last 5 years（PM2.5was the average of the last 2 years）;the concentrations of PM2.5 at different sites were decreased by 27.4%-35.5%;the concentrations of PM2.5 in the center of city and northern mountainous areas were the lowest,which dropped by 30%-45%compared to those in the same period of the last 5 years while in the southern area the decrement was below 25%;the main component SO4^2-,the substance of the crust,and NO3-- were decreased by 50%,76%,35%respectively compared to those in the same period in 2013 and the chemical mass balance（CMB） model analysis results indicated that contributions of coal boiler,dust,motor vehicle were 2%,7%,30%respectively during APEC;air pollution control measures（coal,dust and traffic management） had a significant effect on reducing pollutant emissions and the pollutant emissions control reduced the concentration peak and delayed the accumulation speed.