三级甲等医院护士职业性腰背痛现状及其影响因素研究

The status and influencing factors of low back pain of 909 nurses in three tertiary grade A hospitals

目的 :调查三级甲等医院护士职业性腰背痛现状,并分析其影响因素,以减少护士的职业损伤,促进护士职业良性发展。方法 :于2014年6-11月对银川市3所三级甲等医院已取得护士执业资格、从事临床护理工作1年及以上的909名临床护士,进行职业性腰背痛的评定和问卷调查。结果 :909名调查对象发生职业性腰背痛的有840人,占92.4%,其中每个班次均感到疼痛的有367人,占43.7%,职业性腰背痛持续时间>10min的有401人,占47.7%。护士职业性腰背痛发生的主要影响因素是:学历、工龄、工作台高度、轮值夜班情况及工作强度(P<0.05)。结论 :三级甲等医院护士职业性腰背痛的患病率高,其影响因素包括学历、工龄、工作台高度、轮值夜班情况及工作强度。因此,应针对工作台高度、轮值夜班情况及工作强度等可改变因素采取积极的应对措施,以降低三级甲等医院护士职业性腰背痛的发病率,促进护士的身心健康。

Objective： To understand the status and influencing factors of low back pain of nurses in three level three class-A hospital and to reduce occupational injuries and to promote the professional development of nurses. Methods： We investigated the nurses who have obtained the nurse practicing certificate and engaged in clinical nursing more than one year in three level three class-A hospital in Yinchuan from June to November 2014. Results： The 840 of 909 participants had a vocational low back pain, accounting for 92.4%. Among them, 367 nurses had low back pain in each shift, accounting for 43.7%, and 401 nurses pained over 10 min, accounting for 47.7%. The low back pain of nurses in tertiary grade A hospital was related to education, length of service, height of operating table, working night shift and intensity of work. The difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The high prevalence of low back pain was found among the nurses in level three class-A hospital. Its influencing factors include education, length of service, operating table height, working night shift and work intensity. We should take positive measures to reduce the incidence of low back pain of nurses, and to promote the physical and mental health of nurses.