艾滋病患者和HIV感染者中结核潜伏性感染的诊断与预防性治疗

The research advances on diagnosis and preventive treatment of latent tuberculosis in people living with HIV/AIDS

获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）和结核病是威胁人类健康的两大疾病。当患者同时感染HIV和Mtb时，将加速疾病进展。对于结核病高负担的中国，潜伏性Mtb感染的防治至关重要，一旦发展为活动性结核病，常为其致死原因。在预防策略上，HIV感染者与非HIV感染者有很多不同之处，不能照搬。笔者对HIV感染者与非HIV感染者中结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物（PPD）及7干扰素释放试验（IGRA）等的诊断价值及不同防治策略的有效性做一综述，以指导临床诊治。

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome （AIDS） and tuberculosis （TB） are two life-threatening di- seases. The co-infection of human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） and mycobacterium tuberculosis will accelerate di- sease progression. Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection is very important in preventing progression to active rib disease which is often the death cause of HIV/AIDS patients. The prevention strategies between HIV-infected and non-HIV infected population have a lot of differences. Now, we will review the diagnostic value of Interferon-Gam- ma-Release Assays and purified protein derivative, and the effectiveness of different prevention strategies to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.