博物馆双向沟通模式——一种强化博物馆观众学习效果的尝试

The Two-way Communication Model of Museum: An Attempt to Strengthen the Learning Effect of Audience

随着社会的发展,博物馆已经发生了巨大的变化,从"以物为中心"转变为"以人为本",从博物馆教育转化为博物馆学习。博物馆学习实际上是观众与博物馆双方沟通与信息传播的过程,博物馆将信息通过展览等方式传递给观众。在这一过程中,信息发出者与接受者的沟通交流变得十分重要。所以,传统单向博物馆信息灌输的模式会面临观众兴趣不高、学习效果差等诸多问题。博物馆需要建立一个双向沟通的系统,平等地与观众沟通,形成一种开放的、沟通的良好合作关系,以支持博物馆学习。如今,观众的角色和作用已经发生了巨大的变化。博物馆观众并非是传统意义上单纯的信息接收者,观众是博物馆的主动参与者与创造者,是有着新需求的知识构建者和主动学习者,也是博物馆重要的信息来源之一。

With the development of the society, great changes have taken place in the museum, from "content-centered" into "people-oriented", from museum education into museum learning. Museum learning, in fact, is the two-way process of communication and information dissemination between the museums and their audiences, during which the information is transmitted to the audience via exhibition. In this process, it is fairly important to keep communicating between the information senders and receivers. Thus, the traditional one-way model of infusing information from museum will face some problems such as the low level of audiences' interest as well as poor learning effect. Museum need to create a two-way communicational system and to communicate with audience equally, forming an open and communicational relationship, in order to support the museum learning and to achieve educational effect. Nowadays, the role and effect of audiences have changed greatly. The audience of museum are not the simple receivers of information, but the active participants and creators, who are not only the knowledge builders and active learners with new demand, but also one of the significant sources of information for museums.