间作经济作物对黄土丘陵区旱作红枣土壤水分的调控效应

Effects of inter-row economic crop planting on soil moisture in a rain-fed jujube orchard in loess hilly region,China

研究行间种植经济作物饲料油菜和黄花菜对黄土丘陵区旱作红枣林地土壤水分的调控效应.结果表明：饲料油菜和黄花菜处理0～180 cm土层土壤含水量较无作物对照分别提高6.2%和10.1%;枣树生育期内土壤水分变化主要集中在0～60 cm土层,饲料油菜和黄花菜处理均明显增加了0～60 cm土层土壤含水量,保证枣树生育期内正常生长;持续干旱条件下,各处理土壤水分消耗主要在0～60 cm土层,其中0～20 cm土层土壤含水量与次降雨后干旱天数存在显著指数负相关,雨后18 d干旱期饲料油菜和黄花菜处理0～60 cm土层土壤水分含量均高于对照.该间作系统显著改善了红枣林土壤水分环境,是黄土丘陵区克服季节性干旱的有效措施.

Soil moisture variation in dryland sloping jujube orchard was investigated after introducing two economic crops, i.e., feed Brassica napus （JR） and Hemerocallis fulva （JH） planted between jujube rows. Jujube tree without inter-row crop was set as control （CK）. The results showed that mean soil moisture for JR and JH in the 0-180 cm soil layer increased by 6.2% and 10.1% compared with CK, respectively. Soil moisture changed mainly in the 0-60 cm soil layer in growth stage of Jujube trees. Soil moisture in JR and JH treatments significantly increased in the 0-60 cm soil layer, which could meet the demand in water resource of jujube plantation. The water consumption of jujube trees also mainly concentrated in the 0-60 cm soil layer. There was a significant decay exponential relationship between the soil moisture in the 0-20 cm layer and the drought duration after rainfall. During the 18-day dry period after rain, the soil moisture contents of JR and JH were apparently higher than that of CK. In conclusion, the jujube-crop intercropping system improved the soil moisture condition. It was an effective measure to overcome the seasonal drought in jujube orchards on the loess hilly region.